Beginning with Abu Roash, the next site of importance is Gizeh itself,
with all its wonders of IVth Dynasty work. Passing southwards, we
come to Abusir, with its remains of the pyramids and temples of the
Sun-worshipping Pharaohs of the Vth Dynasty, lately excavated by
the German expedition; beyond these again comes the great field of
Saqqara, with remains dating over a long period of Egyptian history.
The Step-Pyramid of King Zeser of the IIIrd Dynasty is, of course,
the most important and imposing monument; but besides, there are
pyramids dating from the latter part of the Vth Dynasty, a number of
VIth Dynasty ones, and the splendid tombs of many of the nobles of the
early dynastic period, so that, though the Saqqara portion of the field
cannot compare with Gizeh in the size of its monuments, it is only
second to its northern rival, and surpasses it in the variety and the
pictorial interest of its minor tombs. Still travelling southwards, we
pass in succession Dahshur and Lisht with their pyramids of the great
Pharaohs of the XIIth Dynasty, Medum, with its remarkable pyramid of
King Seneferu of the IIIrd Dynasty, rising in three stages, like a
Mesopotamian Ziggurat, to a height of 114 feet, and Illahun, where
Senusert II had his pyramid, and where the exquisite jewellery of some
of the royal princesses was found recently, and reach the last of the
series at Hawara, where Amenemhat III, one of the greatest and noblest
of the long line of Egyptian Pharaohs, had his last resting-place.
In later days there were pyramid tombs at Thebes and Abydos; but the
pyramid part of these structures was comparatively unimportant, and
they have, in any case, left few traces behind. Indeed, after the
XIIth Dynasty the fashion of pyramid-burial seems to have gradually
died out, though we know from the revelations of the Abbott Papyrus
that in the XXth Dynasty there were in the Theban necropolis at least
ten royal pyramids belonging to kings of the XIIIth to the XVIIIth
Dynasty. Altogether there must be at present in Egypt something like
seventy pyramids of greater or less importance, without reckoning the
later and less important groups of Napata and Meroë.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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