A Class Room Logic: Deductive and Inductive, with Special Application to the Science and Art of TeachingMcNair, George Hastings
Philosophy
A Class Room Logic: Deductive and Inductive, with Special Application to the Science and Art of Teaching
McNair, George Hastings
Logic
quadrilateral. trapezium, trapezoid, four sides, four angles,
parallelogram. limited plane.
logic. theoretical logic, science of thinking, art of
applied logic, right thinking, treats of
educational logic. laws of thought.
star. Sirius, Arcturus, Vega. heavenly body, gives light
and heat, twinkles.
force. gravitation, molecular, { produces motion
atomic. { changes motion
{ destroys motion.
term. general, singular, word or group of words,
non-connotative. definite idea.
government. monarchy, aristocracy, body of people,
democracy. established form of law,
banded together for
mutual protection.
bird. crow, robin, pigeon. biped, feathered, winged.
=5. OTHER FORMS OF EXPRESSION FOR EXTENSION AND INTENSION.=
_Extension._ _Intension._
comprehension content
extent intent
breadth depth
denotation connotation
application implication
Formerly the words extension and intension were applied to concepts
while denotation and connotation were applied to terms representing the
concepts, but now the words are interchangeable. Denotation, the noun,
and denote, the verb, signify, etymologically, a _marking off_. To
denote is to mark off or indicate the objects or classes of objects for
which the term stands. Connotation, the noun, and connote, the verb,
signify _to mark along with_. To connote is to mark along with the
object, its attributes.
The terms which should be remembered are
extension } { intension
or } and { or
denotation } { connotation
=6. LAW OF VARIATION IN EXTENSION AND INTENSION.=
It has been noted that the intension of a term has reference to its
qualities while extension considers its application to various objects.
It may be wise to experiment with the extension and the intension of
certain terms as types with a view of ascertaining how the two ideas
are related to each other. For the sake of definiteness let us make use
of the following scheme:
I.
_Intensional_ _Extensional_
(1) four sides }
(2) parallel sides } common qualities of { (1) squares
(3) equal sides }
(4) right angles }
(1) four sides }
(2) parallel sides } common qualities of { (1) squares
(3) equal sides } { (2) rhombs
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