A Class Room Logic: Deductive and Inductive, with Special Application to the Science and Art of TeachingMcNair, George Hastings
Philosophy
A Class Room Logic: Deductive and Inductive, with Special Application to the Science and Art of Teaching
McNair, George Hastings
Logic
(species) (genus) (differentia) (property)
(3) A ――――――――― is a ――――――― of ――――――――――――― and ――――――――――――,
trigon polygon three sides three angles
(accident)
―――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――.
the sum of the angles being equal to two right angles
=3. THE NATURE OF A DEFINITION.=
It will be remembered that an individual notion is a notion of a single
thing or attribute, while a general notion is a notion of a class of
things or a group of attributes. A term which represents an individual
notion is known as a _singular term_, while a term which stands for a
general notion is referred to as a _general term_.
One may explain the meaning of a singular term which stands
for one thing by enumerating its various attributes. For example,
such attributes as a piercing bark, a yellow color, intelligent,
companionable, a strong liking for sweetmeats, explain the meaning
of the singular term “Fido.” Likewise we may explain the meaning of
a general term by enumerating its attributes. To illustrate: power of
speech, rationality, ability to laugh, etc., explain the meaning of
the general term _man_. The explanation of the singular term fits only
Fido. There is probably no other dog in the world just like Fido. But
the explanation of the general term _man_ may be applied to _all_ men.
A brief enumeration of attributes which may be applied to a _class of
things_ often takes the form of a definition. The word definition comes
from the word _definire_, meaning to limit or fix the bounds of.
A definition, then, consists of the enumeration of such attributes
as distinguish a term from all other terms. In this sense it would
seem that the singular term _Fido_, as well as the general term
_man_, admits of definition, but it is usual for logicians to confine
definition to the _general term_. Singular terms may be _described_;
general terms, _defined_.
A DEFINITION OF DEFINITION.
_A definition of a term is a statement of its meaning by enumerating
its characteristic attributes._
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