The mores have a bearing upon patriotism in various ways. In the first place, they are _teachers_ of loyalty. They teach loyalty to the group and to country. Patriotism has become imbedded in the mores, and when one learns from them, he becomes indoctrinated with patriotism. The concept of patriotism has a long history, and has become a venerable ideal. It is not possible that the masses should escape having it taught them. The Japanese provide an example of a race that _par excellence_ shows the effects of centuries of training in nationalistic loyalty; it has given to them a marvellous solidarity. “In the war with Russia, in 1904, this people showed what a group is capable of when it has a strong ethos. They understand each other; they act as one man; they are capable of discipline to the death. Our western tacticians have had rules for the percentage of loss which troops would endure, standing under fire, before breaking and running. The rule failed for the Japanese. They stood to the last man. Their prowess at Port Arthur against the strongest fortifications, and on the battlefields of Manchuria, surpassed all record. They showed what can be done in the way of concealing military and naval movements when every soul in the population is in a voluntary conspiracy not to reveal anything. These traits belong to a people which has been trained by generations of invariable mores.”[59] One of the most thoroughly grounded ideals of the Japanese mores is that of patriotism. In view of the function of the mores as teachers of loyalty, it becomes necessary to recognize that peace is not going to be easily provided for by facile external arrangements or even by the use of information, persuasion, and reason. If patriotic loyalty is in such large part a matter of habituation, then a change in it will have to be something of a matter of habituation too. The mores are the _objects_ of loyalty. One gets into the way of saying, “These ways are my ways and I am going to stick by them. They are mine; I am going to preserve and foster them, and no one shall take them from me.” Loyalty to the mores forms national character. It is tradition which forms a nation of British, Saxon, and Norman strains. Tradition unites Walloon and Fleming in Belgium, Breton and Gens du Midi in France.[60] The likenesses of a people owe no more to the fact of race than to that of the mores. And so the mores become what the patriot is conscious of being loyal to. His patriotism is not so much love of country as love of the mores. The mores for such a spirit of loyalty are the country. When it sings, its song should be, “My _mores_, ’tis of thee, of thee I sing.” What it claims for itself is the right to be true to the traditions of its own people. When asked to justify its allegiance, it in turn asks the question: