I have treated hitherto of limbs intirely divided; I shall now examine what ought to be done, when a ball, or any piece of iron or lead, has so greatly injured the bones of the hand, arm, foot or leg, that, although they are not quite broke through, and the part suspended by a small portion of flesh and skin, as in the former case, § XXI. are nevertheless so much shattered that the part may be moved any way, and seems to hang useless. In these circumstances, we must dilate the aperture made by the ball, or by whatever body has inflicted the wound, and separate the flesh from the bone; in a word, we must make the wound sufficiently large, in order to lay the shattered bones bare, especially where they are broken across, that they may be more easily managed by the fingers; then as many splinters as possible must be extracted, as well as the ball and other extraneous bodies. If there be the apertures of two balls, they must both be treated in the same manner: When it is expedient to make counter openings, they may be made indifferently, whether there be one or two openings, and these artificial wounds must be made sufficiently large, to admit of the extracting of the splinters and other extraneous matters. In other respects, the dressings must be the same as § XXI. Every time they are renewed, the splinters must be extracted as they become loose and can be easily separated; if there be some large fragments which must be removed, we may begin by dividing them from the fleshy parts, then sawing them through with a very small saw, whose blade is extremely thin and narrow, crooked or straight, in order to push it from above downwards, or from below upwards, or sideways, as may be convenient. This method answered so well with me for the bones of the leg and arm, that I have often, in this manner, separated pieces three or four inches in length, and even longer. As for the smaller bones, such as those of the hands or feet, I have divided and extracted them entire, when they were broken and shattered, and sometimes even when they were not. If a bullet has penetrated into the cavity of a bone, such bone must be laid bare, either on the side by which the bullet has made its way, or on the opposite one; afterwards it must be pierced with two or three trepans, and the extraneous body, and the shivers of the bone extracted. If the bullet has made its way into one side of the joint of the elbow or knee, and by that means shattered several bones at one stroke, I treat it in the same manner, dilating the wound and extracting the splinters as before, and the wounds get well like the others. I cured a patient who had been wounded by a bullet which entered the cavity of the os humeri; he would not consent to have it extracted, which did not however prevent his recovery, nor has he felt any further inconvenience from it than a small protuberance on the place where the ball is still lodged[24].