In the _First Part_ of this Dissertation, a critical analysis is given of the construction of the different Ages of the world previous to the Messianic age, as determined by the supreme authority of the Sacred Scriptures, which the author places above and beyond that of the statements and the testimonies of all human writers. The learned chronological works of Mr. Cuninghame have been particularly brought under his review, and have, in fact, formed the basis of his investigations; namely, _A Synopsis of Chronology_, London, 1837; _The Septuagint and Hebrew Chronologies Tried_, London, 1838; _The Fulness of the Times_, second edition, London, 1839; _A Chart of Sacred Chronology_, London, 1842, &c. The following important chronological treatises have also been specially brought under his notice; namely, _Scripture Chronology_, being _Appendix V. to_ Vol. i. of Mr. Clinton’s very learned work, the _Fasti Hellenici_, Oxford, 1834; and _Chronographiæ LXX. Interpretum Defensio_, being _Treatise V. in_ Vol. iii. of the _Cours Complets D’Ecriture Sainte et De Theologie_, a laborious, learned and valuable work in 50 volumes, published by _M. L’Abbé Migne_, Paris, 1841. Frequent references are likewise made to the well-known chronological works of Usher, Jackson, Hales, and Russell. In the _Second Part_, a critical inquiry has been instituted into the evidence, Scriptural, Historical and Physical, for the universal diffusion among mankind of the Great Primeval prophecy concerning the Renovation of the world, and its bearing on the question of the true period of the Advent of our Saviour, and the Extent of the Mundane ages. This inquiry leads to a short discussion on the origin of Idolatry, the Source of the Heathen names of the Deity, and the notions entertained by the ancient mythologists and poets concerning the _Seven ages_ of the world. This discussion brings to light some evidences of a curious and striking nature in favour of the true Chronology. The work concludes with an investigation of the errors of the most eminent of the ancient Chronographers, and an elucidation of their clear and united testimony to the authenticity of the computation of the Septuagint.