step towards the separation of spiritual and temporal power--The motto of 1830, _Liberty and Public Order_--Liberty should be extended to Education--Order demands centralization--Intimate connexion of Liberty with Order. CHAPTER III THE ACTION OF POSITIVISM UPON THE WORKING CLASSES 140 Positivism will not for the present recommend itself to the governing classes, so much as to the People--The working man who accepts his position is favourably situated for the reception of comprehensive principles and generous sympathies--This the Convention felt; but they encouraged the People to seek political supremacy, for which they are not fit--It is only in exceptional cases that the People can be really ‘sovereign’--The truth involved in the expression is that the well-being of the people should be the one great object of government--The People’s function is to assist the spiritual power in modifying the action of government--Their combined efforts result in the formation of Public Opinion--Public opinion involves, (1) principles of social conduct, (2) their acceptance by society at large, (3) an organ through which to enunciate them--Working men’s clubs--All three conditions of Public Opinion exist, but have not yet been combined--Spontaneous tendencies of the people in a right direction. Their Communism--Its new title of Socialism--Property is in its nature social, and needs control--But Positivism rejects the Communist solution of the Problem. Property is to be controlled by moral not legal agencies--Individualization of functions as necessary as co-operation--Industry requires its captains as well as War--Communism is deficient in the historical spirit--In fact, as a system it is worthless, though prompted by noble feelings--Property is a public trust, not to be interfered with legally--Inheritance favourable to its right employment--Intellect needs moral control as much as wealth--Action of organized public opinion upon Capitalists. Strikes--Public Opinion must be based upon a sound system of Education--Education has two stages; from birth to puberty, from puberty to adolescence. The first, consisting of physical and esthetic training, to be given at home--The second part consists of public lectures on the Sciences, from Mathematics to Sociology--Travels of Apprentices--Concentration of study--Governmental assistance not required, except for certain special institutions, and this only as a provisional measure--We are not ripe for this system at present; and Government must not attempt to hasten its introduction--Intellectual attitude of the people. Emancipation from theological belief--From metaphysical doctrines--Their mistaken preference of literary and rhetorical talent to real intellectual power--Moral attitude of the people. The workman should regard himself as a public functionary--Ambition of power