and wealth must be abandoned--The working classes are the best guarantee for Liberty and Order--It is from them that we shall obtain the dictatorial power which is provisionally required. CHAPTER IV THE INFLUENCE OF POSITIVISM UPON WOMEN 227 Women represent the affective element in our nature, as philosophers and people represent the intellectual and practical elements--Women have stood aloof from the modern movement, because of its anti-historic and destructive character--But they will sympathize with constructive tendencies; and will distinguish sound philosophy from scientific specialities--Women’s position in society. Like philosophers and people, their part is not to govern, but to modify--The united action of philosophers, women, and proletaries constitutes Moral Force--Superiority of the new spiritual power to the old. Self-regarding tendencies of Catholic doctrine--The spirit of Positivism, on the contrary, is essentially social. The Heart and the Intellect mutually strengthen each other--Intellectual and moral affinities of women with Positivism--Catholicism purified love, but did not directly strengthen it--Women’s influence over the working classes and their teachers--Their social influence in the _salon_--But the Family is their principal sphere of action--Woman’s mission as a wife. Conjugal love an education for universal sympathy--Conditions of marriage. Indissoluble monogamy--Perpetual widowhood--Woman’s mission as a mother--Education of children belongs to mothers. They only can guide the development of character--Modern sophisms about Woman’s rights. The domesticity of her life follows from the principle of Separation of Powers--The position of the sexes tends to differentiation rather than identity--Woman to be maintained by Man--The education of women should be identical with that of men--Women’s privileges. Their mission is in itself a privilege--They will receive honour and worship from men--Development of mediæval chivalry--The practice of Prayer, so far from disappearing, is purified and strengthened in Positive religion--The worship of Woman a preparation for the worship of Humanity--Exceptional women. Joan of Arc--It is for women to introduce Positivism into the Southern nations. CHAPTER V THE RELATION OF POSITIVISM TO ART 304