=Ȧmenemḥāt I=, the first king of the XIIth dynasty, appears to have ascended the throne after a period of anarchy, and, even after his accession, the members of his own household conspired against him. The king tells us, in his =Instructions=, how one night, after he had composed himself to sleep, a number of armed men burst into his chamber and tried to murder him. Leaping from his couch he attacked his assailants, and put them to flight. (See Sallier Papyri I and III, and the slice of stone No. 41 in Table-case C in the Third Egyptian Room.) Ȧmenemḥāt drew up a survey of the country, and set boundaries to each nome, or province, and he framed a set of regulations for the supply of water for irrigation to the different towns. Work went on in the quarries of Ḥammâmât and Ṭura, and the king restored the temples at Tanis, Bubastis, Abydos, etc., and founded a temple to Ȧmen at Karnak. He built the fortified palace of Thet-taui 𓎁𓇾𓐰𓇾𓐰𓏏𓐱𓊖, near Memphis, and a pyramid tomb called “Qā” 𓈎𓀠𓉴, at Lisht. He invaded the Sûdân, conquered the four great tribes there, viz., the =Mātchaiu=, the =Uauaiu=, the =Satiu=, and the =Ḥeriu-shā=, and made himself master of their country as far as the modern Korosko or Ibrîm (Primis). His reign was prosperous, and in his time “no man went hungry or thirsty.” He associated his son Usertsen I with him in the rule of the kingdom in the 20th year of his reign. [Sidenote: B.C. 2433.] =Usertsen I= was a great builder, and he rebuilt, or re-founded, the famous temple of Ȧnnu, the =On= of the Bible and the Heliopolis of classical writers, the sanctuary of the =Bull= Mer-ur (=Mnevis=). Before the temple he set up two obelisks, the pyramidions of which were cased in copper; the one now standing is 65 feet high. He set up an obelisk at Begig in the Fayyûm, and carried on the works of restoration of the temples which his father had begun. In the 43rd year of his reign he invaded Nubia, and compelled the tribes to pay him tribute, which the official Ȧmeni collected and brought safely to Egypt. Ȧmeni was despatched twice subsequently to Nubia to bring back =gold= and other products of the Sûdân. The name given to Nubia in the inscription which records these facts is =Kash= 𓎡𓄿𓈚𓐰𓈉, hence the Biblical =Cush=, which does not, however, mean Ethiopia in the modern sense of the term, but Nubia. Usertsen I built a fort and a temple at Behen, the modern Wâdî Ḥalfah, and appointed a “Governor of the South” to rule over Nubia, or the Northern Sûdân. The old copper mines in the Wâdî Maghârah were reopened, and new ones at Ṣarâbît al-Khâdim were also worked; the king built his pyramid tomb at Lisht, and associated his son with him in the rule of the kingdom a year before he died.