A third hour of exercise a week was added to the curriculum in higher schools in 1892, and in elementary schools by order of June 13, 1910, which was intended especially to encourage the use of games and other activities in the open air. This same order made compulsory for all schools the ten-minute periods of exercise for the promotion of good carriage, deep breathing, and quickened blood-flow recommended in 1907 for days on which there was no regular lesson in gymnastics. The “Guide for Use with Boys in Elementary Schools without Indoor Gymnasia,” published in 1909,[83] lays down principles which are binding for boys’ schools of every sort. In it the class exercises in marching introduced by Spiess are omitted. Free exercises and exercises on apparatus are selected with the specific needs of the pupil in mind, and show the influence of Swedish teaching and practice. They are supplemented by running exercises, games, dry-land-swimming, and other forms of activity, and attention is called to the value of _Spielstunden_ or play-afternoons. A recent development in higher schools is the organization and rapid spread of voluntary gymnastic, running, tramping, and athletic clubs of all sorts, conducted under the oversight of teachers. It was not until the ministerial order of May 31, 1894, that instruction in gymnastics became a required subject in higher schools for _girls_. Two lessons a week were to be given, and by women teachers. An order of March 30, 1905, extended the requirement to elementary (_Volks_-) and intermediate (_Mittel_-) schools in cities and large towns, and recommended that teachers encourage also the playing of games after school hours. The manual of 1895 was to form the basis of instruction. A further step was taken on July 11, 1911, when the time allotted to gymnastics was increased to three hours a week for the upper grades, and all elementary schools not covered by former orders were urged to add the subject to their curriculum. An official “Manual for the Physical Training of Girls in Prussian Schools” was published in 1913.[84]