To coördinate and direct all efforts for improvement and reform Hartwich proposed the organization of a _Zentralverein für Körperpflege in Volk und Schule_—a permanent national body which should hold itself aloof from all political, sectarian, and other factional discussions, should unite all classes of society for the common end, and should allow complete independence in the sections which it was to comprise and entire freedom of organization in the different cities. The separate sections established in town and country were to be bound together by the common purpose to promote care of the body and its active exercise. The following divisions were suggested: (1) For gymnastics, (2) for skating, (3) for school interests, (4) for bathing, swimming, and rowing, (5) for games and festivals suited to both old and young, (6) a section to serve as a propaganda working through the public press, and (7) a medical section. The appearance of “Woran wir leiden,” which was widely read and quoted throughout Germany, led at once to a lively discussion of the claims of the body and the value of open-air exercise, and to a great accession of popular interest in these subjects. Men of letters, government officials, and others in high position rallied to the support of Hartwich, and Gustav von Gossler, Prussian minister of public worship and instruction, invited him to an interview (November 4, 1882). Meanwhile the _Zentralverein_ became a reality—it was formed in Düsseldorf, March 6, 1882—and in this and the following year local societies (_Vereine für Körperpflege_) were organized in Witten, Bonn, Barmen, and Hagen, in each case with an address from Hartwich as part of the program at the initial gathering.[95] Playgrounds were secured and equipped in Düsseldorf,[96] Bonn, Witten, Berlin (Park bei Treptow) and other cities; much continued to be written on school conditions in general and on brain forcing in particular; and a number of handbooks of games made their appearance. Bremen and Chemnitz opened playgrounds in 1884, and public games were introduced in Dresden, Salzburg, Darmstadt, and Frankfort-on-the-Main. At the sixth national _Turnfest_ of the German _Turnerschaft_, in Dresden, July 19-21, 1885, there was an exhibition of games by schoolboys and girls.