A guide to the history of physical educationLeonard, Fred Eugene
History
A guide to the history of physical education
Leonard, Fred Eugene
Physical education and training; Physical education and training -- History
A year’s experience had shown that the first Turnplatz was too small,
too near the public houses, too exposed to “weather, wind, and wit.”
With the first spring sun of 1812 work was therefore begun on a new site
farther to the east and south, the free use of which was granted by the
authorities. It lay on a tableland at the head of the slope, close to
the Rollberge, and was protected from the wind on three sides by dense
thickets of pine, fir, and oak. Paths were made leading to this spot,
the surface was levelled off, more trees were set out, another hut was
erected, in the center of the grounds this time and with a meeting and
resting place near it (the _Tie_), and the apparatus was brought away
from the old Turnplatz. The equipment received numerous additions. Three
vaulting bucks or horses without pommels, three, four, and five feet high
respectively, were constructed out of tree-trunks. Nearby stood the
first crude models of our parallel bars—three pairs of thin beams about
twelve feet long, those in each set placed parallel with each other and
about two feet apart. They corresponded in height with the bucks, and
the original aim in using them was merely to gain the strength of arm
and hand necessary for lifting and supporting the body during vaulting
exercises. New jumping ditches and running tracks, a larger balance beam,
targets with movable iron-mounted heads, and more elaborate devices for
hanging and climbing exercises were provided.
Jahn had already begun to note down and arrange the various exercises,
but everything was still in process of development. Although the other
apparatus was not neglected, the parallel bars and the horizontal bar
soon became the favorite pieces, and the boys vied with each other in
inventing new performances on them. Three turners who had received
private instruction in vaulting during the winter preceding met for
further practice at special hours with little groups of skilled
companions, and for this purpose Friesen arranged to have a live horse
brought to the Turnplatz on certain days. Less interest was taken in
jumping, and games did not hold such a prominent place as formerly.
Once a month Jahn used to stay all night at the grounds, going through
the exercises by moonlight with his pupils. It was also the custom for
several of them to keep watch there regularly, as a precaution against
thieving. The _Turnfahrten_ were renewed, and gave a great impetus
to excursions of all sorts. More than a hundred turners are said to
have gone off on foot during the summer vacation, some of them on very
considerable journeys.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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