A Guide to the Scientific Knowledge of Things FamiliarBrewer, Ebenezer Cobham
Science
A Guide to the Scientific Knowledge of Things Familiar
Brewer, Ebenezer Cobham
Science -- Juvenile literature
A. Yes; in very many ways. For example--a bottle of water wrapped in
_cotton_, and frequently _wetted with ether_, will soon freeze.
Q. _Why would WATER FREEZE if the bottle were kept constantly wetted
with ETHER?_
A. Because _evaporation_ would carry off the heat of the water, and
reduce it to _freezing point_.
Q. _Why does ETHER freeze under the RECEIVER of an AIR-pump, when the
air is exhausted?_
A. Because _evaporation_ is very greatly increased by the _diminution of
atmospheric pressure_; and the ether freezes by evaporation.
FREEZING MIXTURES.
1. If nitre be dissolved in water, the heat of the liquid will be
reduced 16 degrees.
2. If 5 oz. of nitre, and 5 of sal-ammoniac (both finely powdered) be
dissolved in 19 oz. of water, the heat of the liquid will be reduced 40
degrees.
3. If 3 lbs. of snow be added to 1 lb. of salt, the mixture will fall to
0° (or 32 degrees below freezing point).
The two following are the coldest mixtures yet known:--
1. Mix 3 lbs. of muriate of lime with 1 lb. of snow.
2. Mix 5 lbs. of diluted sulphuric acid with 4 lbs. of snow.
Q. _Why is it more easy to SWIM in the SEA than in a RIVER?_
A. Because the _specific gravity_ of salt water is _greater than that of
fresh_, and therefore it _buoys_ up the swimmer better.
Q. _How do cooks ascertain if their BRINE be SALT ENOUGH for pickling?_
A. They put an _egg into their brine_. If the egg _sinks_ the brine is
_not strong enough_, if the egg _floats_ it _is_.
Q. _Why will the EGG SINK if the brine be NOT STRONG enough for
pickling?_
A. As an egg is _heavier than water_, it will _sink_ if immersed
therein; but if as much _salt_ be added as the water can dissolve, the
egg will _float_.
Q. _Why will the EGG FLOAT in strong BRINE?_
A. Because the specific gravity of _salt and water_ is greater than that
of water _only_.
Q. _Why do persons SINK in water when they are UNSKILFUL SWIMMERS?_
A. 1st--Because (in their floundering about) they _take in water_ at
their nose and mouth, which makes them _heavier_:
2ndly--FEAR _contracts the body_; and as the body is compressed by fear
into a smaller compass, it becomes _heavier_: and
3rdly--The water and fear _take away the breath_; and when the breath is
taken from the body, its _bulk is reduced_, and it becomes _heavier_.
Q. _Why can QUADRUPEDS swim MORE EASILY than MAN?_
A. 1st--Because the _trunk_ of a quadruped is _lighter than water_, and
this is the greatest part of them:
2ndly--The _position_ of a beast in water is a _natural_ one.
Q. _Why is it MORE DIFFICULT for a MAN to swim than for a BEAST?_
A. Because the _head and limbs_ of a man (like those of a beast) are
_heavier_ than water, and these compose more than _half his body_:
2ndly--The _position_ of a man in water is _unnatural_ to him.
Q. _Why can FAT men SWIM more EASILY than SPARE men?_
A. _Fat is lighter than water_; and the _fatter_ a man is, the more
_buoyant_ will he be.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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