The post-temporal sometimes projects behind through the skin and may bear spines or serrations. In front of the post-temporal and a little to the outside of it is the small _supratemporal_ (52) also usually connecting the shoulder-girdle with the skull. Below the post-temporal, extending downward and backward, is the flattish _supraclavicle_ (_posterotemporal_) (54). To this is joined the long _clavicle_ (_proscapula_) (55), which runs forward and downward in the bony fishes, meeting its fellow on the opposite side in a manner suggesting the wishbone of a fowl. Behind the base of the clavicle, the sword-shaped post-clavicle (56) extends downward through the muscles behind the base of the pectoral fin. In some fishes, as the stickleback and the trumpet-fish, a pair of flattish or elongate bones called _interclavicles_ (_infraclavicles_) lie between and behind the lower part of the clavicle. These are not found in most fishes and are wanting in the striped bass. They are probably in all cases merely extensions of the hypocoracoid. [Illustration: FIG. 35.--Inner view of shoulder-girdle of the Buffalo-fish, _Ictiobus bubalus_ Rafinesque, showing the mesocoracoid (59). (After Starks.)] Two flat bones side by side lie at the base of the pectoral fin, their anterior edges against the upper part of the clavicle. These are the _hypercoracoid_ (57), above, and _hypocoracoid_ (58), below. These have been variously called scapula, coracoid, humerus, radius, and ulna, but being found in the higher fishes only and not in the higher vertebrates, they should receive names not used for other structures. The hypercoracoid is usually pierced by a round foramen or fenestra, but in some fishes (cods, weavers) the fenestra is between the two bones. Attached to the hypercoracoid in the striped bass are four little bones shaped like an hour-glass. These are the _actinosts_ (60) (_carpals_ or _pterygials_), which support the rays of the pectoral fin (61). In most bony fishes these are placed much as in the striped bass, but in certain specialized or aberrant forms their form and position are greatly altered. In the anglers (_Pediculati_) the "carpals" are much elongated, forming a kind of arm, by which the fish can execute a motion not unlike walking. In the Alaska blackfish (_Dallia pectoralis_) the two coracoids are represented by a thin, cartilaginous plate, imperfectly divided, and there are no actinosts. In almost all bony fishes, however, these bones are well differentiated and distinct. In most of the soft-rayed fishes an additional V-shaped bone or arch exists on the inner surface of the shoulder-girdle near the insertion of the hypercoracoid. This is known as the _mesocoracoid_ (59). It is not found in the striped bass, but is found in the carp, catfish, salmon, and all their allies. [Illustration: FIG. 36.--Sargassum-fish, _Pterophryne tumida_ (Osbeck). One of the Anglers. Family _Antennariidæ_.]