Above the Chapter House and the other buildings on the eastern side was the _Dormitory_ or _Dorter_ of the monks, and it had one set of stairs leading to it from the Eastern Cloister, and another set leading down into the church. Generally, too, on the eastern side was a passage leading to the _Infirmary_, which was placed some distance away from the other buildings, and near to it was the _Misericorde_, a room where monks, by permission of the Abbot, might eat meat, which was at other times forbidden. By the Western Cloisters were the _Cellar_ and the Fratry of the lay brethren or Conversi, and over these was placed their Dorter. There was also, in addition to these, a _Guest House_, often of great size and very well appointed, where strangers were entertained. This was generally built in such a place where it would least interfere with the privacy of the monks; and there was also an _Almonry_, where food and clothing were distributed by the monks to the poor who came for relief. THE FRIARS AND CANONS. From the beginning of the 10th to the end of the 12th century, a series of religious orders arose, each aiming at a more successful reproduction of the monastic ideal. In the 13th century there arose the Orders of Friars, who were inspired by the principle of devotion to the performance of active and actual religious duties among their fellow-men, rather than by that of monastic seclusion. Their plan was “to mix with the world and work for the salvation of the world” in a state of absolute poverty. Their houses were built in the poorest quarters of large towns, but they only used the houses as temporary resting-places, preaching and carrying out their ministrations throughout the country, and attending to the physical and spiritual needs of the lowest and poorest, including the lepers and the outcasts. They were great preachers, and this was particularly striking, because preaching had fallen into disuse among the monastic orders. “Nothing in the histories of Wesley or of Whitfield can be compared with the enthusiasm which everywhere welcomed them,” and it is said that the work of the Friars staved off the Reformation for 200 years. As students, the Friars did not confine themselves to theology, but cultivated the whole range of science and art, and members of the Orders held very distinguished academical posts throughout Europe. A candidate for admission to one of the Orders studied theology for three years, and was then examined on his work, receiving, if successful, a commission limiting his mission to a certain district (when he was called a _limitour_), or allowing him to go where he listed (_a lister_).