=2.= PARONYCHIEÆ (Figs. 361 _D_, _E_, _F_; 364). Small, greenish plants. The leaves, in the majority, are opposite, with _membranous stipules_. The flowers are most frequently arranged in small _dichasia_; they are small and insignificant, perigynous (Fig. 364) or hypogynous. The corolla is in most cases wanting, and when present is very small; in general the calyx-stamens are developed, but the corolla-stamens may be represented by small scales (Fig. 364). Ovary most frequently with 1 ovule. Fruit, a _nut_, rarely a capsule; it is enclosed by the strongly perigynous floral axis (torus). _Scleranthus_ (Knapwell) is perigynous with bell-shaped torus; no corolla; corolla-stamens are wanting or rudimentary; some calyx-stamens may also be absent.--_Corrigiola_ (Fig. 361 _D_); _Illecebrum_; _Paronychia_ (Fig. 361 _E_); _Herniaria_ (Figs. 361 _F_, 364). =3.= SILENEÆ, PINK OR CARNATION GROUP. This has a _gamosepalous_ calyx and unguiculate, white or red, petals, with _outgrowths_ (_ligule_, _corona_, _paracorolla_) at the throat of the corolla. These structures are not found in the other groups, and are merely outgrowths at the junction of the limb and claw. The corolla, stamens and ovary are frequently raised above the calyx, upon a lengthened internode (_gynophore_). The flower has S5, P5, A5 + 5; fruit a capsule with many seeds. =a.= 5-(rarely 3–4) carpellate ovary.--_Lychnis_ (Campion, Fig. 360). The corolla is longer than the calyx; corona present. The capsule is 10- or 5-toothed, completely 1-chambered or 5-chambered at the base,--the genus has been divided accordingly into several genera: _Melandrium_, _Lychnis_, _Viscaria_. ~Some species are unisexual by the abortion of stamens or carpels (_L. vespertina_, _diurna_).~ _Agrostemma_ (_A. githago_, Corn-cockle, Fig. 361 _A_) has a long-toothed calyx, the teeth exceeding the corolla; corona absent; 5-toothed capsule. [Illustration: FIG. 364.--_Herniaria glabra_: _a^1_ flower; _b^1_ longitudinal section through the flower; _c^1_ stigma with two pollen-grains.] =b.= Tricarpellate.--_Silene_ (Catch-fly). Six-toothed capsule; corona present in the majority.--~_Cucubalus_ has berry-like fruits which finally become dry but do not dehisce.~ =c.= Bicarpellate (2 styles, 4-toothed capsule).--_Dianthus_ (Pink); at the base of the calyx 1–several pairs of floral-leaves are situated; corona absent. The _straight embryo_ is a peculiar exception.--_Gypsophila_ has a campanulate, open calyx, 5-nerved, membranous between the nerves; corona absent; the flowers are generally small and numerous, in a large, paniculate dichasia.--_Saponaria_ (Soapwort) has corona.