A History of Caricature and Grotesque in Literature and ArtWright, Thomas
History
A History of Caricature and Grotesque in Literature and Art
Wright, Thomas
Caricature -- History
The three dramatic societies which produced all these farces, sotties,
and moralities, continued to flourish in France until the middle of
the sixteenth century, at which period a great revolution in dramatic
literature took place in that country. The performance of the Mysteries
had been forbidden by authority, and the Bazochians themselves were
suppressed. The petty drama represented by the farces and sotties
went rapidly out of fashion, in the great change through which the
mind of society was at this time passing, and in which the taste for
classical literature overcame all others. The old drama in France had
disappeared, and a new one, formed entirely upon an imitation of the
classical drama, was beginning to take its place. This incipient drama
was represented in the sixteenth century by Etienne Jodel, by Jacques
Grevin, by Rémy Belleau, and especially by Pierre de Larivey, the most
prolific, and perhaps the most talented, of the earlier French regular
dramatic authors.
These French dramatic essays, the farces, the sotties, and the
moralities, were imitated, and sometimes translated, in English, and
many of them were printed; for the further our researches are carried
into the early history of printing, the more we are astonished at the
extreme activity of the press, even in its infancy, in multiplying
literature of a popular character. In England, as in France, the
farces had been, at a rather early period, detached from the mysteries
and miracle-plays, but the word _interludes_ had been adopted here
as the general title for them, and continued in use even after the
establishment of the regular drama. Perhaps this name owed its
popularity to the circumstance that it seemed more appropriate to its
object, when it became so fashionable in England to act these plays at
intervals in the great festivals and entertainments given at court, or
in the households of the great nobles. At all events, there can be
no doubt that this fashion had a great influence on the fate of the
English stage. The custom of performing plays in the universities,
great schools, and inns of court, had also the effect of producing a
number of very clever dramatic writers; for when this literature was
so warmly patronised by princes and nobles, people of the highest
qualifications sought to excel in it. Hence we find from books of
household expenses and similar records of the period, that there was,
during the sixteenth century, an immense number of such plays compiled
in England which were never printed, and of which, therefore, very few
are preserved.
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