THE SATIRICAL LITERATURE OF THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY--PASQUIL--MACARONIC POETRY--THE EPISTOLÆ OBSCURORUM VIRORUM--RABELAIS--COURT OF THE QUEEN OF NAVARRE, AND ITS LITERARY CIRCLE; BONAVENTURE DES PERIERS--HENRI ETIENNE--THE LIGUE, AND ITS SATIRE: THE "SATYRE MENIPPEE" 312 CHAPTER XX. POLITICAL CARICATURE IN ITS INFANCY--THE REVERS DU JEU DES SUYSSES--CARICATURE IN FRANCE--THE THREE ORDERS--PERIOD OF THE LIGUE; CARICATURES AGAINST HENRI III.--CARICATURES AGAINST THE LIGUE--CARICATURE IN FRANCE IN THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY--GENERAL GALAS--THE QUARREL OF AMBASSADORS--CARICATURE AGAINST LOUIS XXV.; WILLIAM OF FURSTEMBERG 347 CHAPTER XXI. EARLY POLITICAL CARICATURE IN ENGLAND--THE SATIRICAL WRITINGS AND PICTURES OF THE COMMONWEALTH PERIOD--SATIRES AGAINST THE BISHOPS; BISHOP WILLIAMS--CARICATURES ON THE CAVALIERS; SIR JOHN SUCKLING--THE ROARING BOYS; VIOLENCE OF THE ROYALIST SOLDIERS--CONTEST BETWEEN THE PRESBYTERIANS AND INDEPENDENTS--GRINDING THE KING'S NOSE--PLAYING-CARDS USED AS THE MEDIUM FOR CARICATURE; HASELRIGGE AND LAMBERT--SHROVETIDE 360 CHAPTER XXII. ENGLISH COMEDY--BEN JONSON--THE OTHER WRITERS OF HIS SCHOOL--INTERRUPTION OF DRAMATIC PERFORMANCES--COMEDY AFTER THE RESTORATION--THE HOWARDS BROTHERS; THE DUKE OF BUCKINGHAM; THE REHEARSAL--WRITERS OF COMEDY IN THE LATTER PART OF THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY--INDECENCY OF THE STAGE--COLLEY CIBBER--FOOTE 375 CHAPTER XXIII. CARICATURE IN HOLLAND--ROMAIN DE HOOGHE--THE ENGLISH REVOLUTION--CARICATURES ON LOUIS XIV. AND JAMES II.--DR. SACHEVERELL--CARICATURE BROUGHT FROM HOLLAND TO ENGLAND--ORIGIN OF THE WORD "CARICATURE"--MISSISSIPPI AND THE SOUTH SEA; THE YEAR OF BUBBLES 406 CHAPTER XXIV. ENGLISH CARICATURE IN THE AGE OF GEORGE II.--ENGLISH PRINTSELLERS--ARTISTS EMPLOYED BY THEM--SIR ROBERT WALPOLE'S LONG MINISTRY--THE WAR WITH FRANCE--THE NEWCASTLE ADMINISTRATION--OPERA INTRIGUES--ACCESSION OF GEORGE III., AND LORD BUTE IN POWER 420 CHAPTER XXV. HOGARTH--HIS EARLY HISTORY--HIS SETS OF PICTURES--THE HARLOT'S PROGRESS--THE RAKE'S PROGRESS--THE MARRIAGE A LA MODE--HIS OTHER PRINTS--THE ANALYSIS OF BEAUTY, AND THE PERSECUTION ARISING OUT OF IT--HIS PATRONAGE BY LORD BUTE--CARICATURE OF THE TIMES--ATTACKS TO WHICH HE WAS EXPOSED BY IT, AND WHICH HASTENED HIS DEATH 434 CHAPTER XXVI.