A History of Caricature and Grotesque in Literature and ArtWright, Thomas
History
A History of Caricature and Grotesque in Literature and Art
Wright, Thomas
Caricature -- History
It is to be regretted that the subjects and language of a large portion
of these fabliaux are such as to make it impossible to present them
before modern readers, for they furnish singularly interesting and
minute pictures of mediæval life in all classes of society. Domestic
scenes are among those most frequent, and they represent the interior
of the mediæval household in no favourable point of view. The majority
of these tell loose stories of husbands deceived by their fair spouses,
or of tricks played upon unsuspecting damsels. In some instances the
treatment of the husband is perhaps what may be called of a less
objectionable character, as in the fabliau of La Vilain Mire (the
clown doctor), printed in Barbazan (iii. 1), which was the origin of
Molière's well-known comedy of "Le Médecin malgré lui." A rich peasant
married the daughter of a poor knight; it was of course a marriage of
ambition on his part, and of interest on hers--one of those ill-sorted
matches which, according to feudal sentiments, could never be happy,
and in which the wife was considered as privileged to treat her husband
with all possible contempt. In this instance the lady hit upon an
ingenious mode of punishing her husband for his want of submission to
her ill-treatment. Messengers from the king passed that way, seeking
a skilful doctor to cure the king's daughter of a dangerous malady.
The lady secretly informed these messengers that her husband was a
physician of extraordinary talent, but of an eccentric temper, for he
would never acknowledge or exercise his art until first subjected to
a severe beating. The husband is seized, bound, and carried by force
to the king's court, where, of course, he denies all knowledge of the
healing art, but a severe beating obliges him to compliance, and he is
successful by a combination of impudence and chance. This is only the
beginning of the poor man's miseries. Instead of being allowed to go
home, his fame has become so great that he is retained at court for
the public good, and, with a rapid succession of patients, fearful
of the results of his conscious ignorance, he refuses them all, and
is subjected in every case to the same ill-treatment to force his
compliance. The examples in which the husband, on the other hand,
outwits the wife are few. A fabliau by a poet who gives himself the
name of Cortebarbe, printed also by Barbazan (iii. 398), relates how
three blind beggars were deceived by a clerc, or scholar, of Paris, who
met them on the road near Compiègne. The clerk pretended to give the
three beggars a bezant, which was then a good sum of money, and they
hastened joyfully to the next tavern, where they ordered a plentiful
supper, and feasted to their hearts' content. But, in fact, the clerk
had not given them a bezant at all, although, as he said he did so,
and they could only judge by their hearing, they imagined that they
had the coin, and each thought that it was in the keeping of one of
his companions.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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