1191 =John’s Behaviour in England=, 121 Return of Philip, 122 Need of Richard’s return, 122 1192 His imprisonment in Germany, 122 John and Philip combine against him, 122 England ransoms him, 123 1194 =Richard’s return, John’s defeat=, 123 War with France, 123 1199 Richard’s death at Chaluz, 124 Development of the Administrative System, 124 STRUGGLE BETWEEN THE CROWN AND THE NATION. JOHN. 1199-1216. 1199 =John secures the crown=, 126 His strong position, 127 1200 His danger from France, 127 Peace with Philip, and marriage treaty, 127 =Marriage with Isabella de la Marche=, 128 1201 Homage of Scotland, 128 Outbreak in Poitou, 128 1202 =John’s French Provinces forfeited=, 128 1203 Death of Arthur, 129 1205 =Loss of Normandy=, 129 1206 Peace with Philip, 129 1205 =Election of the Archbishop of Canterbury=, 130 Stephen Langton, 131 1207 Consecration at Viterbo, and John’s violence, 131 1208 Interdict and flight of Bishops, 131 1209 Excommunication, 131 1210 Attack on Scotland, Ireland and Wales, 132 Disaffection of the Northern Barons, 133 The King’s rapacity, 133 1211 European crisis, 133 League with Northern Princes, 133 1213 John’s deposition, 133 =Surrender of the Crown to the Pope=, 134 John’s improved position, 134 1214 Renewed difficulties with Stephen Langton, 135 1215 =John hopes to secure his position by victory in France=, 135 1214 =Battle of Bouvines=, 136