A History of English VersificationSchipper, J. (Jakob)
History
A History of English Versification
Schipper, J. (Jakob)
English language -- Versification; English poetry -- History and criticism
Belonging to this group are _William of Palerne_, _Joseph of Arimathie_,
both belonging to the middle of the fourteenth century, the three
editions of William Langland's _Vision concerning Piers Plowman_, of
somewhat later date, and a few minor poems. The _Romance of the
Chevelere Assigne_, written in the East Midland district, at the end of
the fourteenth century, and the works of the Gawain-poet, viz. _Sir
Gawain and the Green Knight_, _Cleanness_, _Patience_, and the _Legend
of St. Erkenwald_ (Horstmann, _Altengl. Legenden_, 1881, p. 265), form
the transition to another group of poems belonging to the North of
England, but differing somewhat from the preceding with regard to their
metre.
The most important amongst these is Langland's great work, but it is at
the same time most unequal in respect to its versification. In many
passages, especially in the beginning of the several Passus, as they are
called, the flow of the verses is very regular; in other passages the
theses are frequently of such great length, and the arsis stands out so
indistinctly, that the rhythm of the verse can only be made out with
difficulty. Some examples taken from the B-text (c. 1377) may serve to
illustrate this:
Extended second hemistich (Type A):
_To =b=óres and to =b=róckes | þat =b=réketh adòwn myne hégges._
vi. 31.
_And so I =t=rówe =t=réwly | by þat men =t=élleth of chárite._
xv. 158.
_Ac ȝut in =m=ány mo =m=áneres | =m=én offènden þe hóligòste._
xvii. 280.
Extended first hemistich (Type A):
_=L=éue him nòuȝt, for he is =l=écherous | and =l=íkerous of tónge._
vi. 268.
_=L=áboreres þat haue no =l=ánde | to =l=ýue on but her hándes._
ib. 309.
_'Now, by þe =p=éril of my soúle!' quod Pieres, | 'I shal a=p=éyre
ȝou álle!'_
vi. 173.
Such verses obviously contain only two beats in each hemistich,
although at the same time some of the syllables forming the thesis may
have a somewhat stronger accent than others. For as a rule such extended
verses are succeeded by a normal line, clearly bringing out again the
general four-beat rhythm, as is the case with the line (A + A) following
immediately upon the last-mentioned example:
_And =h=óuped after =h=únger | þat =h=érd hym atte fírste._
vi. 174.
Type A is in _Piers Plowman_ the usual one, but the types C and BC
frequently occur. In the following examples we have type C in the second
hemistich:
_And hadden =l=éue to =l=ye | al here =l=ýf áfter._ Prol. 49.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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