Theophrastus,[856] the first and greatest successor of Aristotle in the Peripatetic school, was the author of a treatise on wealth, of which we know only the name.[857] He also probably dealt somewhat with economic subjects in his _Ethics_ and _Politics_, but only slight fragments of either work are extant. He reveals slightly greater regard for the importance of external goods than Aristotle, perhaps because of his special love for the quiet and leisure of the scholar’s life.[858] There is, however, no evidence that he went so far as to ascribe a positive value to wealth as such. On the contrary, he advises that one render himself independent of it by living a simple life,[859] and urges against vulgar display.[860] Like Aristotle, he prefers moderate wealth,[861] and finds its chief value in the fact that it enables one to have the distinction of giving splendid gifts to the people.[862] He approaches the cosmopolitan spirit of the Stoics in his emphasis upon the natural relationship of all men,[863] a result of the broadening vision due to the unification of Greece under the Macedonian Empire. There is nothing of interest from other members of the Peripatetic school, except the _Eudemian Ethics_ and _Magna moralia_, which were included in our discussion of Aristotle, and the pseudo-Aristotelian _Economica_, which will be discussed in the following pages. THE ECONOMICA _Economica_ were one of the characteristic types of Greek literature, after the _Economicus_ of Xenophon.[864] They discussed wealth from the ethical standpoint, dealt largely with domestic, rather than public, economy, and considered questions of human relations, such as slavery and the married life. They are, in general, imitations of Xenophon and of Aristotle’s _Politics_, and add very little of interest to the economic theory of the Socratics. Aside from the work, falsely ascribed to Aristotle, to be discussed below, _Economica_ were written by Antisthenes,[865] Xenocrates,[866] Philodemus,[867] Metrodorus of Lampsacus,[868] Hierocles,[869] Dio Chrysostom,[870] Plutarch,[871] and the New-Pythagoreans,[872] Bryson,[873] Callicratidas,[874] Periktione,[875] and Phintys.[876] The pseudo-Aristotelian _Economica_[877] require no extended discussion, since most of the material that is of interest in them is an imitation of Aristotle’s _Politics_ and Xenophon’s _Economics_. Book i is largely a repetition of some of Aristotle’s theories of domestic economy, the marriage relation, and slavery, with a few unimportant additions and slight differences.[878] Book ii is almost entirely composed of practical examples of how necessary funds have been provided by states and rulers.