_Rep._ 552A, C, 564E; cf. _Laws_ 901A, where he refers to the passage in Hesiod’s _Erga_ 304: κηφηνέσσι κοθούροις. Cf. p. 27, n. 1, above. Poehlmann (_op. cit._, II, 87 f.) points to Plato’s demand that woman be freed, so that the total number of free workers may be increased, but Plato is thinking only of the ruling class. Footnote 150: _Laws_ 918B-919C, referring to retail trade; but if he could admit it for this, he surely could for the industries. Cf. Aristotle’s passage on liberal and illiberal work (_Pol._ 1337_b_5-22). Footnote 151: _Mun. Pul._, V, 105 and note (Vol. XVII, 234 f.), where he refers to Plato’s diminutive, ἄνθρωπίσκοι, as applied to laborers (_Rep._ 495C; _Laws_ 741E); _Time and Tide_, 103 (Vol. XVII, 402), 127 (p. 423 and note); _Crown of Wild Olive_, 2 (Vol. XVIII, 388), on the furnace; _Lectures on Art_, IV, 123 (Vol. XX, 113); on the evil effects of arts needing fire, as iron-working, where Xen. _Econ._ iv. 2, 3 is cited. He makes frequent reference to the Greek attitude, e.g., Vol. XVIII, 241, 461, and above. But he was not absolutely opposed to machinery; cf. _Cestus Aglaia_, 33 for what is called the finest eulogy of a machine in English literature. He even anticipated the great future mechanical development (_Mun. Pul._, 17). Footnote 152: _Stones of Venice_ (Vol. X, 201); cf. also IV, 6 (Vol. XI, 202 f.), where he cites Plato _Alc._ I. 129. Footnote 153: _Fors. Clav._, VII, 9 (Vol. XIX, 230). Footnote 154: Cf. Vol. XXVII, Intro., p. lxv. Footnote 155: _Rep._ 370A-C and many other passages. Cf. _infra_; _Laws_ 846E-847A. Cf. _infra_ on the unfair interpretation of _Rep._ 421A by Zeller and others. Plato implies by the passage merely that specialization is more important for the statesman than for the cobbler (421C). Footnote 156: _Rep._ 369C. Adam Smith makes this the basal fact of exchange (_Wealth of Nations_, I, ii). Footnote 157: _Rep._ 370C: πλείω τε ἕκαστα γίγνεται καὶ κάλλιον καὶ ρᾷον, ὅταν ἑἶς ἓν κατὰ φύσιν, καὶ ἐν καιρῷ σχολὴν τῶν ἄλλων ἄγων, πράττῃ. He first states the principle less plausibly as a literary device, _Rep._ 369C; cf. 433A. Footnote 158: _Rep._ 370C, B. Footnote 159: _Op. cit._, I, chap. ii. Footnote 160: So Herbert Spencer, _Principles of Sociology_ (1900), III, 342-49. Cf. also Ruskin, _Fors Clav._, IV, 15 (Vol. XXVIII, 160). Footnote 161: _Rep._ 370B-C, 374B-E. Footnote 162: _Op. cit._, I, chap. 1. Plato implies the increase in wealth. Haney (_op. cit._, p. 41) observes that Plato thought especially of the advantages of division of labor to the state, rather than to the individual. Cf. further _Wealth of Nations_, II, Intro. Footnote 163: _Rep._ 370C-371B; cf. DuBois, _op. cit._, p. 37. Footnote 164: _Rep._ 370C-D. Footnote 165: 371C. Footnote 166: 371B; _Laws_ 918B. Footnote 167: