_Econ._ ii. 10, περιουσίαν. Brants thinks (_Xen. Econ._, p. 13) that the theory is implied in his principle of sparing (_Mem._ ii. 7). Blanqui (_op. cit._, I, 81) emphasizes _Econ._ i. 7-15 as defining productive and unproductive wealth, but this merely distinguishes wealth from non-wealth, from the standpoint of consumption. Footnote 416: _Mem._ ii. 7. 11 f. Footnote 417: Thuc. i. 90. 2. Footnote 418: Cf. n. 1, although Liddell and Scott cite the passage as having the meaning of “capital”; _Mem._ iii. 12. 4, where it need mean no more than wealth; _Econ._ i. 1. 16; Dem. xxxvi. 54: πίστις ἀφορμὴ πασῶν ἐστὶ μεγίστη πρὸς χρηματισμόν. Here πίστις is almost called capital. Cf. p. 106, n. 3. Footnote 419: Dem. xxxvi. 11: καίτοι εἰ ἢν ἰδία τις ἀφορμὴ τουτῳῖ πρὸς τῇ τραπέζῃ; xiv. 36; Lysias fr. 2. 2, p. 343, ed. Thalheim; _Rev._ iii. 9 and 12 and iv. 34 are also used of large financial undertakings; cf. Harpocration’s definition; ὅταν τις ἀργύριον δῷ ἐνθήκην, ἀφορμὴ καλεῖται ἰδίως παρὰ τοῖς Ἀττικοῖς; for the term in Ar. _Pol._ vi. 1320_a_35-1320_b_17 cf. _infra_. Cf. Isoc. _Areop._ 146_d_ for a similar passage. Footnote 420: Dem. xxvii. 8 and 13. Footnote 421: Ar. _Rhet._ i. 5. 7. Footnote 422: Laughlin, ed., 1907, pp. 66 and 93. Footnote 423: Ar. _Pol._ 1254_a_1 ff.; cf. _infra_ on Aristotle (“Production”); pseudo-Ar. _Econ._ ii. 1346_b_14. Footnote 424: Plato _Laws_ 742C; Dem. xxvii. 75. Footnote 425: Lycurg., p. 150, 22: τοὺς ἐράνους διενεγκεῖν; Dem. xxi. 184 f.; cf. Dem. lix. 8 for the interesting figurative use, τὸν αὐτὸν ἔρανον ἀποδοῦναι, “to pay him in his own coin”; also Lycurg., p. 168, 143. Footnote 426: _Mem._ iii. 9. 14 f.; cf. Brants, _Xen. Econ._, p. 10, for passages on Xenophon’s attitude to labor. Footnote 427: _Mem._ ii 7. 7 f. Guiraud (_La Main-d’œuvre indust._, p. 46) thinks that this passage is a good commentary on Pericles’ oration (Thuc. ii). Both see in labor, not an inevitable evil, but a good. Guiraud holds that this was the general attitude in Athens. Cf. this chapter, pp. 36-50, on “Opinions des Grecs sur le travail.” Footnote 428: _Mem._ ii. 8. 1-5. Footnote 429: ii. 1. 20. Footnote 430: Cf. Döring, _Die Lehre des Socrates als soziales Reform-System_, pp. 387 ff. Footnote 431: _Rev._, especially i. 2 ff. and iv; _Econ._ v. 2; iii. 15; ii. 16; Kautz, _op. cit._, p. 126. But cf., on the other hand, Xen. _Laced. Pol._ on the restrictions in Sparta against acquisition of wealth by trade and arts; cf. also (Xen.). _Rep. Ath._ ii. 11 ff. Footnote 432: _Rev._ iv. 51. Footnote 433: _Econ._ iv. 2; vi. 5-7; agriculture and war are not included. Footnote 434: iv. 3. Footnote 435: _Mem._ iv. 2. 22. Footnote 436: _Cyrop._ viii. 2. 5 f.; cf. also ii. 1. 21, of military labor. Footnote 437: Cf. p. 70. Footnote 438: _Op. cit._, I, iii. Footnote 439: