A HISTORY OF MAGIC AND EXPERIMENTAL SCIENCE _VOLUME II_ A HISTORY OF MAGIC AND EXPERIMENTAL SCIENCE DURING THE FIRST THIRTEEN CENTURIES OF OUR ERA By LYNN THORNDIKE VOLUME II COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY PRESS NEW YORK Copyright 1923 Columbia University Press First published by The Macmillan Company 1923 ISBN 0-231-08795-0 Manufactured in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 CONTENTS BOOK IV. THE TWELFTH CENTURY CHAPTER PAGE 35. The Early Scholastics: Peter Abelard and Hugh of St. Victor 3 36. Adelard of Bath 14 37. William of Conches 50 38. Some Twelfth Century Translators, Chiefly of Astrology from the Arabic 66 39. Bernard Silvester; Astrology and Geomancy 99 40. Saint Hildegard of Bingen 124 41. John of Salisbury 155 42. Daniel of Morley and Roger of Hereford 171 43. Alexander Neckam on the Natures of Things 188 44. Moses Maimonides 205 45. Hermetic Books in the Middle Ages 214 46. Kiranides 229 47. Prester John and the Marvels of India 236 48. The Pseudo-Aristotle 246 49. Solomon and the Ars Notoria 279 50. Ancient and Medieval Dream-Books 290 BOOK V. THE THIRTEENTH CENTURY Foreword 305 51. Michael Scot 307 52. William of Auvergne 338 53. Thomas of Cantimpré 372 54. Bartholomew of England 401 55. Robert Grosseteste 436 56. Vincent of Beauvais 457 57. Early Thirteenth Century Medicine: Gilbert of England and William of England 477 58. Petrus Hispanus 488 59. Albertus Magnus 517 I. Life 521 II. As a Scientist 528 III. His Allusions to Magic 548 IV. Marvelous Virtues in Nature 560 V. Attitude Toward Astrology 577 60. Thomas Aquinas 593