61. Roger Bacon 616 I. Life 619 II. Criticism of and Part in Medieval Learning 630 III. Experimental Science 649 IV. Attitude Toward Magic and Astrology 659 62. The Speculum Astronomiae 692 63. Three Treatises Ascribed to Albert 720 64. Experiments and Secrets: Medical and Biological 751 65. Experiments and Secrets: Chemical and Magical 777 66. Picatrix 813 67. Guido Bonatti and Bartholomew of Parma 825 68. Arnald of Villanova 841 69. Raymond Lull 862 70. Peter of Abano 874 71. Cecco d’Ascoli 948 72. Conclusion 969 Indices: General 985 Bibliographical 1007 Manuscripts 1027 A HISTORY OF MAGIC AND EXPERIMENTAL SCIENCE _VOLUME II_ BOOK IV. THE TWELFTH CENTURY Chapter 35. The Early Scholastics: Peter Abelard and Hugh of St. Victor. Chapter 36. Adelard of Bath. Chapter 37. William of Conches. Chapter 38. Some Twelfth Century Translators, chiefly of Astrology from the Arabic in Spain. Chapter 39. Bernard Silvester: Astrology and Geomancy. Chapter 40. St. Hildegard of Bingen. Chapter 41. John of Salisbury. Chapter 42. Daniel of Morley and Roger of Hereford; or, Astrology in England in the Second Half of the Twelfth Century. Chapter 43. Alexander Neckam on the Natures of Things. Chapter 44. Moses Maimonides. Chapter 45. Hermetic Books in the Middle Ages. Chapter 46. Kiranides. Chapter 47. Prester John and the Marvels of India. Chapter 48. The Pseudo-Aristotle. Chapter 49. Solomon and the Ars Notoria. Chapter 50. Ancient and Medieval Dream-Books. CHAPTER XXXV THE EARLY SCHOLASTICS: PETER ABELARD AND HUGH OF ST. VICTOR Relation of scholastic theology to our theme--Character of Abelard’s learning--Incorrect statements of his views--The nature of the stars--Prediction of natural and contingent events--The Magi and the star--Demons and forces in nature--Magic and natural science--Hugh of St. Victor--Character of the _Didascalicon_--Meaning of _Physica_--The study of history--The two mathematics: astrology, natural and superstitious--The superlunar and sublunar worlds--Discussion of magic--Five sub-divisions of magic--_De bestiis et aliis rebus_. [Sidenote: Relation of scholastic theology to our theme.]