For the origin and early development of the Christian doctrine, besides the Scriptures, the principle sources are, of course, the writings of the Fathers and the provisions of the first ecclesiastical councils. The most important monograph is Geffcken's _Zur Geschichte der Ehescheidung vor Gratian_ (Leipzig, 1894). The subject is treated in Moy, _Das Eherecht der Christen_ (Regensburg, 1833). There is a good account by Loening, _Geschichte des deutschen Kirchenrechts_ (Strassburg, 1878); and another by Meyrick in his article "Marriage," in the second volume of the _Dict. of Christ. Antiquities_. The rigid theological point of view is taken by Watkins, _Holy Matrimony_ (London, 1895); and Luckock, _History of Marriage_ (London, 1894). Among similar works, mainly controversial, may be consulted Ap Richard, _Marriage and Divorce_ (London, 1888); Caverno, _Treatise on Divorce_ (Madison, 1889); Hovey, _The Scriptural Law of Divorce_ (Philadelphia, 1866); Greve, _Die Ehescheidung nach der Lehre des Neuen Testamentes_ (Leipzig, 1873); and the anonymous _Ueber den einzig wahren Ehescheidungsgrund in der christ. Kirche_ (Bayreuth, 1838). Standard Catholic treatises are Cigoi, _Die Unauflösbarkeit der christ. Ehe_ (Paderborn, 1895); Didon, _Indissolubilité et divorce_ (4th ed., Paris, 1880); or the German translation of the same by Schneider (Regensburg, 1893); Roskovány, _De matrimonio in eccle. cath._ (Augustae Vindelicorum, 1837); Scheicher-Binder, _Praktisches Handbuch des kath. Eherechts_ (4th ed., Freiburg, 1891); and especially Perrone, _De matrimonio christ._ (Leodii, 1861). Pompen has a special _Tractatus de dispensationibus et de revalidatione mat._ (2d ed., Amsterdam, 1897).