On Germanic law and custom see Tacitus's _Germania_; the _Monumenta Germaniae Historica_; and the collections of Thorpe, Schmid, and Liebermann. Heussler's _Institutionen_, Weinhold's _Deutsche Frauen_, Grimm's _Rechtsalterthümer_, Brunner's _Rechtsgeschichte_, and the similar works of Schroeder, Zoepfl, and Walter have all been consulted. The penitentials, containing evidence of compromise between Teutonic usage and the strict dogmas of the church, may be found in Thorpe, _Ancient Laws_; Haddan and Stubbs, _Councils_; Wasserschleben, _Bussordnungen_ (Halle, 1851); and Schmitz, _Bussbücher_ (Mayence, 1883). These have largely superseded the older works of Kuntsmann, _Die lateinischen Poenitentialbücher der Angelsachsen_ (Mayence, 1844); and Hildebrand, _Untersuchungen über die germ. Poenitentialbücher_ (Würzburg, 1851). The penitentials are analyzed by Bennecke, Esmein, and Freisen; also by Hinschius, "Das Ehescheidungsrecht nach den angelsäch. und frank. Bussordnungen," in _Zeitschrift für deutsches Recht_, XX; and Rosenthal, _Die Rechtsfolgen des Ehebruchs nach kan. und deutsch. Recht_ (Würzburg, 1880). In this connection may also be read Heller, _Ueber die Strafe des Ehebruchs_ (Ulm, 1773); Wächter, _Abhandlungen aus dem Strafrechte_ (Leipzig, 1835), I, dealing with _Entführung_ and _Nothzucht_; Wilda, _Strafrecht_ (Halle, 1842); and Pollen, _Fatal Consequences of Adultery_ (London, 1772), giving literary and other curiosities of the subject. A useful book is Boehmer's _Ueber die Ehegesetze im Zeitalter Karls des Grossen_ (Göttingen, 1826), discussing the inconsistency of temporal and ecclesiastical legislation regarding divorce; as is also Sdralek's _Hinkmars Gutachten über die Ehescheidung des Königs Lothar II._ (Freiburg, 1881).