Condition of Greece: its Races and Institutions--The Greek Church --Communal System--The Ægæan Islands--The Phanariots--Greek intellectual revival: Koraes--Beginning of Greek National Movement; Contact of Greece with the French Revolution and Napoleon--The Hetæria Philike--Hypsilanti's Attempt in the Danubian Provinces: its failure--Revolt of the Morea: Massacres: Execution of Gregorius, and Terrorism at Constantinople --Attitude of Russia, Austria, and England--Extension of the Revolt: Affairs at Hydra--The Greek Leaders--Fall of Tripolitza--The Massacre of Chios--Failure of the Turks in the Campaign of 1822--Dissensions of the Greeks--Mahmud calls upon Mehemet Ali for Aid--Ibrahim conquers Crete and invades the Morea--Siege of Missolonghi--Philhellenism in Europe--Russian proposal for Intervention--Conspiracies in Russia: Death of Alexander: Accession of Nicholas--Military Insurrection at St. Petersburg-- Anglo-Russian Protocol--Treaty between England, Russia, and France--Death of Canning--Navarino--War between Russia and Turkey--Campaigns of 1828 and 1829--Treaty of Adrianople--Capodistrias President of Greece--Leopold accepts and then declines the Greek Crown--Murder of Capodistrias--Otho, King of Greece CHAPTER XVI. THE MOVEMENTS OF 1830. France before 1830--Reign of Charles X.--Ministry of Martignac--Ministry of Polignac--The Duke of Orleans--War in Algiers--The July Ordinances-- Revolution of July--Louis Philippe King--Nature and effects of the July Revolution--Affairs in Belgium--The Belgian Revolution--The Great Powers--Intervention, and establishment of the Kingdom of Belgium--Affairs of Poland--Insurrection at Warsaw--War between Russia and Poland--Overthrow of the Poles: End of the Polish Constitution--Affairs of Italy-- Insurrection in the Papal States--France and Austria--Austrian Intervention--Ancona occupied by the French--Affairs of Germany--Prussia; the Zollverein--Brunswick, Hanover, Saxony--The Palatinate--Reaction in Germany--The exiles in Switzerland: Incursion into Savoy--Dispersion of the Exiles--France under Louis Philippe: Successive risings--Period of Parliamentary activity--England after 1830: The Reform Bill CHAPTER XVII. SPANISH AND EASTERN AFFAIRS.