151 Pompey’s Command against Sertorius in Spain; the Command of Lucullus against Mithridates; the Revolt of the Gladiators; the Consulate of Pompey and Crassus; the Commands of Pompey against the Pirates and in the East; the Conspiracy of Cataline; the Coalition of Pompey, Cæsar and Crassus. CHAPTER XIV THE RIVALRY OF POMPEY AND CAESAR: CAESAR’S DICTATORSHIP: 59–44 166 B. C. Cæsar, Consul; Cæsar’s Conquest of Gaul; the Civil War between Cæsar and the Senate; the Dictatorship of Julius Cæsar. CHAPTER XV THE PASSING OF THE REPUBLIC: 44–27 B. C. 185 The Rise of Octavian; the Triumvirate of 43 B. C.; the victory of Octavian over Antony and Cleopatra; Society and Intellectual Life in the Last Century of the Republic. PART III THE PRINCIPATE OR EARLY EMPIRE: 27 B. C.–285 A. D. CHAPTER XVI THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE PRINCIPATE: 27 B. C.–14 A. D. 205 The Princeps; the Senate, the Equestrians and the Plebs; the Military Establishment; the Revival of Religion and Morality; the Provinces and the Frontiers; the Administration of Rome; the Problem of the Succession; Augustus as a Statesman. CHAPTER XVII THE JULIO-CLAUDIAN LINE AND THE FLAVIANS: 14–96 A. D. 226 Tiberius; Caius Caligula; Claudius; Nero; the First War of the Legions or the Year of the Four Emperors; Vespasian and Titus; Domitian. CHAPTER XVIII FROM NERVA TO DIOCLETIAN: 96–285 A. D. 244 Nerva and Trajan; Hadrian; the Antonines; the Second War of the Legions; the Dynasty of the Severi; the Dissolution and Restoration of the Empire. CHAPTER XIX THE PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION UNDER THE PRINCIPATE 264 The Victory of Autocracy; the Growth of the Civil Service; the Army and the Defence of the Frontiers; the Provinces under the Principate; Municipal Life; the Colonate or Serfdom. CHAPTER XX RELIGION AND SOCIETY 293 Society under the Principate; the Intellectual World; the Imperial Cult and the Oriental Religions in Roman Paganism; Christianity and the Roman State. PART IV THE AUTOCRACY OR LATE EMPIRE: 285–565 A. D. CHAPTER XXI FROM DIOCLETIAN TO THEODOSIUS THE GREAT: THE INTEGRITY OF THE 317 EMPIRE MAINTAINED: 285–395 A. D. Diocletian; Constantine I, the Great; the Dynasty of Constantine; the House of Valentinian and Theodosius the Great. CHAPTER XXII THE PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION OF THE LATE EMPIRE 333 The Autocrat and his Court; the Military Organization; the Perfection of the Bureaucracy; the Nobility and the Senate; the System of Taxation and the Ruin of the Municipalities. CHAPTER XXIII THE GERMANIC OCCUPATION OF ITALY AND THE WESTERN PROVINCES: 351 395–493 A. D.