INTRODUCTION PAGE THE SOURCES FOR THE STUDY OF EARLY ROMAN HISTORY xiii PART I THE FORERUNNERS OF ROME IN ITALY CHAPTER I THE GEOGRAPHY OF ITALY 3 CHAPTER II PREHISTORIC CIVILIZATION IN ITALY 7 CHAPTER III THE PEOPLES OF HISTORIC ITALY 13 The Etruscans; the Greeks. PART II THE EARLY MONARCHY AND THE REPUBLIC, FROM PREHISTORIC TIMES TO 27 B. C. CHAPTER IV EARLY ROME TO THE FALL OF THE MONARCHY 25 The Latins; the Origins of Rome; the Early Monarchy; Early Roman Society. CHAPTER V THE EXPANSION OF ROME TO THE UNIFICATION OF THE ITALIAN 33 PENINSULA: _C._ 509–265 B. C. To the Conquest of Veii, _c._ 392 B. C.; the Gallic Invasion; the Disruption of the Latin League and the Alliance of the Romans with the Campanians; Wars with the Samnites, Gauls and Etruscans; the Roman Conquest of South Italy; the Roman Confederacy. CHAPTER VI THE CONSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF ROME TO 287 B. C. 47 The Early Republic; the Assembly of the Centuries and the Development of the Magistracy; the Plebeian Struggle for Political Equality; the Roman Military System. CHAPTER VII RELIGION AND SOCIETY IN EARLY ROME 61 CHAPTER VIII ROMAN DOMINATION IN THE MEDITERRANEAN: THE FIRST PHASE—THE 67 STRUGGLE WITH CARTHAGE, 265–201 B. C. The Mediterranean World in 265 B. C.; the First Punic War; the Illyrian and Gallic Wars; the Second Punic War; the Effect of the Second Punic War upon Italy. CHAPTER IX ROMAN DOMINATION IN THE MEDITERRANEAN: THE SECOND PHASE—ROME 89 AND THE GREEK EAST The Second Macedonian War; the War with Antiochus the Great and the Ætolians; the Third Macedonian War; Campaigns in Italy and Spain. CHAPTER X TERRITORIAL EXPANSION IN THREE CONTINENTS: 167–133 B. C. 99 The Spanish Wars; the Destruction of Carthage; War with Macedonia and the Achæan Confederacy; the Acquisition of Asia. CHAPTER XI THE ROMAN STATE AND THE EMPIRE: 265–133 B. C. 105 The Rule of the Senatorial Aristocracy; the Administration of the Provinces; Social and Economic Development; Cultural Progress. CHAPTER XII THE STRUGGLE OF THE OPTIMATES AND THE POPULARES: 133–78 B. C. 125 The Agrarian Laws of Tiberius Gracchus; the Tribunate of Caius Gracchus; the War with Jugurtha and the Rise of Marius; the Cimbri and the Teutons; Saturninus and Glaucia; the Tribunate of Marcus Livius Drusus; the Italian or Marsic War; the First Mithridatic War; Sulla’s Dictatorship. CHAPTER XIII THE RISE OF POMPEY THE GREAT: 78–59 B. C.