A History of the British Army, Vol. 2: First Part—to the Close of the Seven Years' War — John Shaqi
A History of the British Army, Vol. 2: First Part—to the Close of the Seven Years' WarFortescue, J. W. (John William), Sir
History
A History of the British Army, Vol. 2: First Part—to the Close of the Seven Years' War
Fortescue, J. W. (John William), Sir
Great Britain -- History, Military; Great Britain. Army -- History
But the story of helplessness and neglect does not end here. The
War Office appears to have imagined that all the world over there
were, as in England, not only alehouses, wherein troops could be
quartered, but landlords who would provide them, according to the
tariff of the Mutiny Act, with food, fire, and candle. It would
seem not to have occurred to it that supplies in an isolated barren
fortress like Gibraltar must of necessity be limited; nor was it
until 1720 that, at the King's instance, it was ordered that
Gibraltar should be provided always with victuals for two months in
advance. The feeding of the garrisons there, in Minorca, in Nova
Scotia and in Newfoundland was entrusted to contractors, but in
the contracts the most obvious necessities were overlooked. Thus,
though Minorca was supplied with brandy, oil, bread, salt, and
tobacco, the item of meat was entirely omitted, and it was actually
necessary for the governor to explain that the five articles above
enumerated were insufficient for the nourishment of the British
soldier.[96] At Annapolis--loneliest, dullest, and dreariest of
quarters--the soldiers were expected to content themselves with
water for their only beverage. Not unnaturally they mutinied;
and their officers were fain to purchase molasses at their own
expense and brew them beer.[97] Deadly though the climate of the
West Indies then was, men could think themselves fortunate to
be quartered there, for Jamaica and the Leeward Islands showed
far more generosity to the British soldier than the British
Parliament.[98]
The greatest hardship of service on foreign stations remains yet to
be noticed, namely, the absence of any system of periodic reliefs.
Englishmen did not accept exile so readily in those days as in
these. Ordinary soldiers did not conceive that they enlisted for
service in foreign garrisons; that duty was for men especially
recruited, as they thought; and they constantly deserted in sheer
despair of ever returning home.[99] A distinguished officer, the
Duke of Argyll, went the length of saying that a long term of
duty at Mahon was equivalent to a punishment, and that his only
surprise was that the troops had not mutinied both at Minorca and
Gibraltar.[100] The Board of General Officers urged the question
at least once upon the King,[101] but without result. A still more
cruel matter was that the War Office refused to grant to invalided
soldiers a free passage home. Even in these days of sanitary
science the amount of sickness among our troops in the tropics is
sufficiently great: the reader may calculate for himself what it
must have been when malarial fever, yellow fever, and smallpox[102]
were allowed to run their course unchecked. But the only answer of
the War Office to an appeal from the Governor of Jamaica for the
return of invalided soldiers was the usual plea of no funds, urged
with something more than the usual warmth of indignation.
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