A History of the Growth of the Steam-EngineThurston, Robert Henry
History
A History of the Growth of the Steam-Engine
Thurston, Robert Henry
Steam-engines -- History
The use of the steam-engine for ocean-navigation kept pace with its
introduction on inland waters. Begun by Robert L. Stevens in the
United States, in the year 1808, and by his contemporaries, Bell and
Dodd, in Great Britain, it steadily and rapidly advanced in
effectiveness and importance, and has now nearly driven the sailing
fleet from the ocean. Transatlantic steam-navigation began with the
voyage of the American steamer Savannah from Savannah, Ga., to St.
Petersburg, Russia, _via_ Great Britain and the North-European ports,
in the year 1819. Fulton, not long before his death, planned a vessel,
which it was proposed to place in service in the Baltic Sea; but
circumstances compelled a change of plan finally, and the steamer was
placed on a line between Newport, R. I., and the city of New York; and
the Savannah, several years later, made the voyage then proposed for
Fulton's ship. The Savannah measured 350 tons, and was constructed by
Crocker & Fickett, at Corlears Hook, N. Y. She was purchased by Mr.
Scarborough, of Savannah, who placed Captain Moses Rogers, previously
in command of the Clermont and of Stevens's boat, the Ph[oe]nix, in
charge. The ship was fitted with steam-machinery and paddle-wheels,
and sailed for Savannah April 27, 1819, making the voyage successfully
in seven days. From Savannah, the vessel sailed for Liverpool May
26th, and arrived at that port June 20th. During this trip the engines
were used 18 days, and the remainder of the voyage was made under
sail. From Liverpool the Savannah sailed, July 23d, for the Baltic,
touching at Copenhagen, Stockholm, St. Petersburg, and other ports. At
St. Petersburg, Lord Lyndock, who had been a passenger, was landed;
and, on taking leave of the commander of the steamer, the
distinguished guest presented him with a silver tea-kettle, suitably
inscribed with a legend referring to the importance of the event which
afforded him the opportunity. The Savannah left St. Petersburg in
November, passing New York December 9th, and reaching Savannah in 50
days from the date of departure, stopping four days at Copenhagen,
Denmark, and an equal length of time at Arundel, Norway. Several
severe gales were met in the Atlantic, but no serious injury was done
to the ship.
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