A History of the Growth of the Steam-EngineThurston, Robert Henry
History
A History of the Growth of the Steam-Engine
Thurston, Robert Henry
Steam-engines -- History
The Savannah was a full-rigged ship. The wheels were turned by an
inclined direct-acting low-pressure engine, having a steam-cylinder 40
inches in diameter and 6 feet stroke of piston. The paddle-wheels were
of wrought-iron, and were so attached that they could be detached and
hoisted on board when it was desired. After the return of the ship to
the United States, the machinery was removed and was sold to the
Allaire Works, of New York. The steam-cylinder was exhibited by the
purchasers at the "World's Fair" at New York thirty years later. The
vessel was employed, as a sailing-vessel, on a line between New York
and Savannah, and was finally lost in the year 1822. Under sail, with
a moderate breeze, this ship is said to have sailed about three knots,
and to have steamed five knots. Pine-wood was used as the fuel, which
fact accounts for the necessity of making the transatlantic voyage
partly under sail.
Renwick states that another vessel, ship-rigged and fitted with a
steam-engine, was built at New York in 1819, to ply between New York
and Charleston, and to New Orleans and Havana, and that it proved
perfectly successful as a steamer, having good speed, and proving an
excellent sea-boat. The enterprise was, however, pecuniarily a
failure, and the vessel was sold to the Brazilian Government after the
removal of the engine. In 1825 the steamer Enterprise made a voyage to
India, sailing and steaming as the weather and the supply of fuel
permitted. The voyage occupied 47 days.
Notwithstanding these successful passages across the ocean, and the
complete success of the steamboat in rivers and harbors, it was
asserted, as late as 1838, by many who were regarded as authority,
that the passage of the ocean by steamers was quite impracticable,
unless possibly they could steam from the coasts of Europe to
Newfoundland or to the Azores, and, replenishing their coal-bunkers,
resume their voyages to the larger American ports. The voyage was,
however, actually accomplished by two steamers in the year just
mentioned. These were the Sirius, a ship of 700 tons and of 250
horse-power, and the Great Western, of 1,340 tons and 450 horse-power.
The latter was built for this service, and was a large ship for that
time, measuring 236 feet in length. Her wheels were 28 feet in
diameter, and 10 feet in breadth of face. The Sirius sailed from Cork
April 4, 1838, and the Great Western from Bristol April 8th, both
arriving at New York on the same day--April 23d--the Sirius in the
morning, and the Great Western in the afternoon.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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