[19] "Les Principes de la Nouvelle Force de Feu, inventée par le Chevalier Morland, l'an 1682, et présentée a Sa Majesté Très Chrétienne, 1683." He then gives the following table, a comparison of which with modern tables proves Morland to have acquired a very considerable and tolerably accurate knowledge of the volume and pressure of saturated steam: -------------------------+------------------------ CYLINDERS. | POUNDS. -----------+-------------+---------------------- Diameter | Depth | Weight in Feet. | in Feet. | to be Raised. -----------+-------------+---------------------- 1 | 2 | 15 2 | 4 | 120 3 | 6 | 405 4 | 8 | 960 5 | 10 | 1,876 6 | 10 | 3,240 -----------+-------------+---------------------- Number of cylinders having a diameter of 6 feet and a depth of 12 feet. | | 1 | 12 | 3,240 2 | 12 | 6,480 3 | 12 | 9,720 4 | 12 | 12,960 5 | 12 | 16,200 6 | 12 | 19,440 7 | 12 | 22,680 8 | 12 | 25,920 9 | 12 | 29,190 10 | 12 | 32,400 20 | 12 | 64,800 30 | 12 | 97,200 40 | 12 | 129,600 50 | 12 | 162,000 60 | 12 | 194,400 70 | 12 | 226,800 80 | 12 | 259,200 90 | 12 | 291,600 -----------+-------------+---------------------- The rate of enlargement of volume in the conversion of water into steam, as given in Morland's book, appears remarkably accurate when compared with statements made by other early experimenters. Desaguliers gave the ratio of volumes at 14,000, and this was accepted as correct for many years, and until Watt's experiments, which were quoted by Dr. Robison as giving the ratio at between 1,800 and 1,900. Morland also states the "duty" of his engines in the same manner in which it is stated by engineers to-day. Morland must undoubtedly have been acquainted with the work of his distinguished contemporary, Lord Worcester, and his apparatus seems most likely to have been a modification--perhaps improvement--of Worcester's engine. His house was at Vauxhall, and the establishment set up for the king was in the neighborhood. It may be that Morland is to be credited with greater success in the introduction of his predecessor's apparatus than the inventor himself.