Roman Severity and Spanish Leniency 340 Hearing of Confessions by Laymen 344 Personation of Officials 344 Demoniacal Possession 348 Insults to Images 352 Uncanonized Saints 355 The Plomos del Sacromonte 357 The Immaculate Conception 359 Unnatural Crime 361 Jurisdiction conferred in the Kingdoms of Aragon 363 The Portuguese Inquisition obtains Jurisdiction 365 Trials conducted under secular Procedure 366 Penalties 367 Case of Don Pedro Luis Galceran de Borja 370 Usury 371 Jurisdiction abandoned 374 Morals 375 The Seal of Confession 377 General Utility 378 BOOK IX--CONCLUSION. CHAPTER I--DECADENCE AND EXTINCTION. Independence of the Inquisition in the XVII Century 385 THE BOURBONS. Increased Control exercised by Philip V 386 Gradual Diffusion of Enlightenment 387 Progress under Carlos III--he limits Inquisitorial Privilege 389 Influence of the French Revolution 390 Diminished Respect--Increasing Moderation 392 Projects of Reform--Jovellanos--Urquijo 394 Growth of Opposition--Bishop Grégoire and his Opponents 397 THE CORTES. The Napoleonic Invasion and the Uprising of Spain 399 The Inquisition supports the Intrusive Government 400 Its desultory Functions during the War of Liberation 402 The Extraordinary Córtes assemble, September 24, 1810 403 Freedom of the Press decreed--Controversy on the Inquisition 404 The Constitution adopted 406 Prolonged Struggle over the Suppression of the Inquisition--Carried January 26, 1813 407 Resistance of the Clergy 414 Reaction preceding the Return of Fernando VII 418 THE RESTORATION. Character of Fernando VII 420 Proscription of the Liberals 421 The Inquisition re-established 424