_Portuguese._--In 1510 Albuquerque captured Goa, which became the capital of the Portuguese empire in the east, and increased in wealth and commercial importance so rapidly that it became known as "Golden Goa" (Goa Dourada). From the time of Albuquerque the Portuguese have issued coins here, always with European types. Plate X. 11 is a _pardao_ or half-rupee of Maria struck at Goa in 1808, and is typical of the coinage for nearly three centuries previous. Since 1881 the coins for Goa, which is now all that is left of the Portuguese possessions in the East, have been struck at the Bombay mint, and are uniform with those of British India (Plate X. 12, quarter-rupee, 1885). _Dutch, etc._--Towards the end of the sixteenth century the Dutch began to dispute Portuguese supremacy in the East, and ultimately acquired considerable possessions in the Malay Archipelago. An extensive coinage was issued by the Dutch East India Company in Java in the eighteenth century (Plate X. 13, gold rupee of Java, and X. 14, copper doit). The latter coins of the Dutch territories in the East are similar to the coins of Holland. Coins have also been struck for their Indian possessions of France (Pondichery) and Denmark (Tranquebar) on local standards but with European types. BIBLIOGRAPHY.--J. Atkins, _Coins of the British Possessions and Colonies_ (London, 1889); E. Thurston, _The Coinage of the East India Company_ (Madras, 1890); G. da Cuñha, _Indo-Portuguese Numismatics_ (Bombay, 1880); J. A. van der Chijs, _De Munten van Nederlandsch Indië_ (Batavia, 1859). [Illustration: PLATE I.] [Illustration: PLATE II.] [Illustration: PLATE III.] [Illustration: PLATE IV.] [Illustration: PLATE V.] [Illustration: PLATE VI.] [Illustration: PLATE VII.] [Illustration: PLATE VIII.] [Illustration: PLATE IX.] [Illustration: PLATE X.] MAPS AND PLANS OF NOTABLE BATTLES, DISTRICTS, & TOWNS CONNECTED WITH THE HISTORY OF ASIA PLANS OF THE FIVE CHIEF BATTLES OF INDIA [Illustration: BATTLE OF SERINGAPATAM February 1792 Bartholomew _Edinburgh_] [Illustration: BATTLE OF ASSAYE September 1803 Bartholomew _Edinburgh_] [Illustration:BATTLE OF MEANEE February 1843 Bartholomew _Edinburgh_] [Illustration: BATTLE OF ALIWAL January 1846 Bartholomew _Edinburgh_] [Illustration: BATTLE OF SOBRAON February 1846 Bartholomew _Edinburgh_] [Illustration:INDIAN MUTINY SHOWING DISTRIBUTION OF TROOPS May, 1857 Bartholomew _Edinburgh_] [Illustration: ARYAN LANGUAGES OF INDIA Bartholomew _Edinburgh_] [Illustration: NON-ARYAN LANGUAGES OF INDIA Bartholomew _Edinburgh_] [Illustration: SITES OF ANCIENT INDIAN TEMPLES Bartholomew _Edinburgh_] [Illustration: MILITARY DIVISIONS OF INDIA Bartholomew _Edinburgh_] [Illustration: DELHI Bartholomew _Edinburgh_] [Illustration: LUCKNOW Bartholomew _Edinburgh_]