=Gokarn=, Bombay. 15N. 74E. Place of pilgrimage for Hindus; mentioned in 'Mahabharata' and 'Ramayana.' =Golconda=, Haidarabad. 18N. 78E. A ruined city, f. by Rajah of Warangal; destroyed by Aurungzebe, 1687. =Gooruncondah= ('horse-hill'), Madras. 14N. 79E. Taken by Hyder Ali, 1768; yielded to Trimbak Rao, 1771; captured by Tippoo Sahib, 1773; British possession, 1800. =Granicus=, Asia Minor. 40N. 27E. River on the banks of which Alexander the Great first defeated the Persians, 334 B.C.; Lucullus defeated Mithridates, 74 B.C. =Gujranwala=, Punjab. 32N. 74E. Bp. of Ranjit Singh, and burial-place of his father and of himself. =Gujrat=, Punjab. 33N. 74E. Sikhs conquered by Sir Hugh Gough, 1849. (See Malleson's 'Decisive Battles of India.') =Gulbarga=, Haidarabad. 17N. 77E. Taken by Zafar Khan, 1347; by Mir Jumla, 1657. Contains tomb of Khwaja Band Nawaz, Mussulman saint. =Gumush-Khaneh= ('place of silver'), Asiatic Turkey. 41N. 38E. Pasha of Trebizond defeated by Russians, 1829. =Gutti=, Madras. 15N. 78E. Res. of Morari Rao. Fell to Hyder Ali, 1775; British possession, 1800. =Gwalior=, Central India. 26N. 78E. Contains palace of Man Singh, f. 1486, and Victoria College; also tombs of Sheik Mohammed Ghaus and of Tan Sen. Maharajah faithful to England, though his army rebelled during Mutiny, 1857. =Haidarabad=, Haidarabad. 17N. 79E. Capital of the Nizam's dominions; f. by Cuttub-Shah, 1585. Taken and plundered by Aurungzebe, 1687. =Hakata=, Japan. 34N. 130E. Formerly an independent town; now forming part of Tukuoka. (See Lafcadio Hearn's 'Out of the East.') =Halicarnassus=, Asia Minor. 37N. 27E. Mausoleum erected here by Artemisia in honour of her husband, Mausolus. Bp. of Herodotus and Dionysius. =Hamadan=, Persia. 35N. 48E. F. on the site of ancient Ecbatana, containing tombs alleged to be of Mordecai and Esther, also those of Avicenna, Attar, and Abul-Hasi. =Hamah=, Syria. 35N. 37E. Often mentioned in the Old Testament. Fell into the hands of Tancred, 1108; of Togtekin, 1115; of Saladin, 1178. Abulfeda, the Arabian geographer, was emir, 1342-54. =Hami=, China. 43N. 94E. Described in the 'Travels of Marco Polo.' =Hang-Chau=, China. 30N. 120E. Capital of Che-kiang. Visited by Marco Polo and Barrow. Successfully stormed by Taiping rebels, 1861; open to foreign trade and res., 1896. (See 'Travels of Marco Polo,' Little's 'Far East.') =Han-kau= ('Han-mouth'), China. 31N. 114E. Greatest commercial city of empire; mentioned by F. J. Little in 'The Far East.' =Hanoi= ('within the river'), Indo-China. 21N. 106E. F. by a Chinese governor, c. 767, became capital of Annam. Citadel built in 808. Contains a colossal Buddha, also statue to Paul Bert. French possession since 1882. (See Little's 'Far East.') =Hansi=, Punjab. 29N. 76E. Alleged to have been f. by Anang Pal. Seized by Masud, 1036; by Mohammed of Ghor, 1192. Contains tomb of Kulb Jamal-ud-din.