=Hubli= ('old village'), Bombay. 15N. 75E. Captured by Muazzam, 1685; by General Munro, 1818. =Hue=, Indo-China. 16N. 108E. Capital of Annam; forts taken by French, 1883. (See Little's 'Far East.') =Hugli=, Bengal. 22N. 88E. F. by Portuguese, 1537; besieged by Shah Jahan, 1629; Mohammedans made it royal port, 1632; East India Company established factory, 1640; destroyed by fire, 1685. =Ida=, Asia Minor. 40N. 27E. Range of mountains celebrated by Homer. In them the Simois, Granicus and Scamander had their origin, and Troy lay in the valley. Supposed scene of rape of Ganymede and judgment of Paris. =Ipsus=, Asia Minor. 39N. 31E. Seleucus and Lysimachus conquered Antigonus and Demetrius Poliorcetes, 301 B.C. or 300 B.C. =Irkutsk=, Siberia. 52N. 104E. F. by Cossacks, 1653; proclaimed town, and first church built, 1686; government headquarters, 1736; devastated by fire, 1879. (See Fraser's 'Real Siberia.') =Isker=, Siberia. 58N. 67E. Captured by Russians under Yermak, 1579. =Ismid=, Asia Minor. 41N. 30E. Formerly capital of Bithynia under name of Nicomedia; given to the Romans by Nicomede III. Destroyed by Goths, and by earthquake, 358. Taken by Turks, 1326. =Isnik=, Asia Minor. 40N. 30E. F. by Antigone. Nicene creed formed here by a council held against Arius, 325. =Ispahan=, Persia. 33N. 52E. Said to have been f. by Jews who were taken captive by Nebuchadnezzar; former capital of Persia. Tamerlane massacred the inhabitants, 1392; besieged and plundered by Afghans, 1722; re-taken by Nadir Shah, 1729. (See Montesquieu's 'Lettres Persanes,' 'Purchas His Pilgrimes.') =Issus=, Asia Minor. 37N. 36E. Alexander the Great conquered Darius in a decisive battle, 333 B.C.; Septimus Severus defeated Niger, 194; Heraclius overthrew Persians, 622. =Istalif=, Afghanistan. 35N. 69E. Destroyed by British, 1842. =Jabbok= ('copious river'), Palestine. 32N. 36E. River on the banks of which Jacob is supposed to have wrestled with an angel. (See Doughty's 'Travels in Arabia Deserta.') =Jaffa=, Palestine. 32N. 35E. Celebrated in heathen mythology as the scene of the adventure of Perseus and Andromeda, in Scripture history as the port from which Jonas embarked and city in which Peter raised Tabitha. Cæsar yielded town to the Jews, but it returned to Rome, 6; taken by El-Malik el-Adil, Saladin's brother, 1188; ceded to Christians, 1204; restored by Frederick II., 1228; fortified by St. Louis, 1252; dismantled by Beybars, 1267; taken by Napoleon, 1799; by Mehemet Ali, 1832; by Turks, 1840. Partially destroyed by earthquake, 1838. (See Lamartine's 'Voyage en Orient,' Thomson's 'Land and the Book,' Hakluyt's 'Voyages.') =Jalalabad=, Afghanistan. 34N. 70E. F. by Akbar, 1570. Sir Robert Sale made a successful resistance against Afghans, 1842. =Jalandhar=, Punjab. 31N. 76E. Visited by Hiuen Tsiang. Destroyed by Sikhs, 1757; taken by Ranjit Singh, 1811.