=Canada= (New France). 46N. 55W. The Cabots discover Labrador and Newfoundland, 1497, 1498; further discoveries by the Cortereals, 1500, 1501; Verazzani in Gulf of St. Lawrence, 1524; explored by Cartier, 1534, who was the first to sail up the St. Lawrence, 1535; small French colony planted by Roberval, 1541; voyages of exploration and discoveries by Champlain, founder of Quebec, 1602-35; taken by the English, 1759-60; finally ceded to, by Treaty of Paris, 1763; divided into Upper and Lower, 1791; in 1840 reunited and known as East and West; Confederate Dominion formed, 1867; original provinces joined in 1870 by the N.W. Territories; in 1871 by British Columbia, and in 1873 by Prince Edward Island. =Canelas= (Land of Cinnamon). 25N. 105W. Gonzalo Pizarro in, during his expedition into Quito, 1540-2. =Cape Breton Island.= 46N. 60W. Probably discovered by Cabot, 1497; settled by French, 1712; ceded to England by Peace of Paris, 1763; incorporated with Nova Scotia, 1819. =Cape Desolation=, Greenland. 61N. 48W. So named by Davis, 1585. =Cape Farewell=, Greenland. 60N. 44W. Davis off, 1585. =Cape Horn=, S.A. 55S. 68W. Rounded by Magalhaes, 1520; sighted by Drake, 1578. =Cape Mercy=, Cumberland, Baffin Land. 64N. 64W. So named by Davis, 1585. =Carabobo=, Venezuela. 9N. 68W. Victory of Bolivar over Spaniards, 1821 (S. A. W. Ind.). =Caracas=, Venezuela. 10N. 66W. Sighted by Columbus, 1498; f. by Spaniards, 1567; sacked by buccaneer Amyas Preston, 1595; and by French, 1679; revolted, 1810, and after being twice retaken by Spaniards, finally delivered, 1821; destroyed by earthquake, 1812; now capital of Venezuela. Bp. Miranda, revolutionary leader (or at Santa Fé, N. Granada) (1756-1816); Bolivar, the 'Liberator' (1785-1830). =Carenas=, Port, Cuba. Name given by Ocampo, who here careened his vessels, 1508. =Caribees=, N. and S. (or Windward and Leeward) islands, W. Indies. 16N. 62W.; 13N. 60W. Name derived from the aboriginal tribe. =Carnifex Ferry=, near Summersville, W. Virginia. 38N. 80W. Federal victory, 1861 (Civil W.). =Carolina=, N. and S. (called Albemarle by refugees from Virginia, 1660). 34N. 80W. Discovered by Ponce de Léon, 1512; explored by expedition sent by De Ayllon, 1521; by Verazzani, 1524; Raleigh landed on Roanoke Island, 1584; 1663 conceded by Charles II. to Lord Clarendon and other nobles, hence its present name; constitution drawn up by Locke, 1670; became crown colony, 1729; two of the 13 original United States; both N. and S. seceded, 1861; readmitted to Union, 1868. (See Roanoke and Fort Carolina.) =Cartagena=, Colombia, S.A. 10N. 75W. F. by Pedro de Heredia, 1533; Hawkins at, 1568; taken by Drake, 1586; resisted English attack under Vernon, 1741; captured by Royalists, 1815; retaken by revolutionaries, 1821. (See Colombia.) =Carthage=, Jasper Co., Missouri. Confederates force Gen. Lyon to retreat, 1861 (Civil W.). =Cary Islands=, off Ellesmere Land. 76N. 83W. Name given by Baffin, 1616.