Subdivisions of the Eocene group in the Paris basin--Gypseous series--Extinct quadrupeds--Impulse given to geology by Cuvier's osteological discoveries--Shelly sands called sables moyens--Calcaire grossier--Miliolites--Calcaire siliceux--Lower Eocene in France--Lits coquilliers--Sands and plastic clay--English Eocene strata--Freshwater and fluvio-marine beds--Barton beds--Bagshot and Bracklesham division--Large ophidians and saurians--Lower Eocene and London Clay proper--Fossil plants and shells--Strata of Kyson in Suffolk--Fossil monkey and opossum--Mottled clays and sand below London Clay--Nummulitic formation of Alps and Pyrenees--Its wide geographical extent--Eocene strata in the United States--Section at Claiborne, Alabama--Colossal cetacean--Orbitoid limestone--Burr stone 190 CHAPTER XVII. CRETACEOUS GROUP. Divisions of the cretaceous series in North-Western Europe--Upper cretaceous strata--Maestricht beds--Chalk of Faxoe--White chalk--Characteristic fossils--Extinct cephalopoda--Sponges and corals of the chalk--Signs of open and deep sea--White area of white chalk--Its origin from corals and shells--Single pebbles in chalk--Siliceous sandstone in Germany contemporaneous with white chalk--Upper greensand and gault--Lower cretaceous strata--Atherfield section, Isle of Wight--Chalk of South of Europe--Hippurite limestone--Cretaceous Flora--Chalk of United States 209 CHAPTER XVIII. WEALDEN GROUP. The Wealden divisible into Weald Clay, Hastings Sand, and Purbeck Beds--Intercalated between two marine formations--Weald clay and Cypris-bearing strata--Iguanodon--Hastings sands--Fossil fish--Strata formed in shallow water--Brackish water-beds--Upper, middle, and lower Purbeck--Alternations of brackish water, freshwater, and land--Dirt-bed, or ancient soil--Distinct species of fossils in each subdivision of the Wealden--Lapse of time implied--Plants and insects of Wealden--Geographical extent of Wealden--Its relation to the cretaceous and oolitic periods--Movements in the earth's crust to which it owed its origin and submergence 225 CHAPTER XIX. DENUDATION OF THE CHALK AND WEALDEN.