A Manual of Photographic Chemistry, Including the Practice of the Collodion ProcessHardwich, T. Frederick
Science
A Manual of Photographic Chemistry, Including the Practice of the Collodion Process
Hardwich, T. Frederick
Photographic chemistry; Photography
By the second day the metal plate had acquired a faint yellow hue,
not easily seen except in certain positions; but the Positives were
unaffected. At the expiration of three days the majority of the pictures
exhibited no signs of change, but a few untoned prints of a pale red
colour, some of which had been printed by development, and others by
direct exposure to light, had perceptibly darkened.
After the eighth day, the action, appearing to progress more slowly
than at first, was stopped, and the prints removed. The general results
obtained were as follows:--
The Daguerreotype plate had become strongly tarnished with a film of
Sulphuret of Silver, which appeared yellowish-brown in some parts and
steel-blue in others. The Positives were, as a rule, toned to a slightly
colder shade, but many of them had scarcely changed.
No obvious difference was observed between prints developed on paper
prepared with Chloride of Silver, and others printed by direct exposure to
light; but in all cases the prints obtained by those methods which give a
very red image after fixing, were the first to show the change of colour
due to sulphuration, the proofs submitted to the test having all been
previously toned with Gold.
Effect of Oxidizing Agents upon Positive Prints.--It appeared of
importance to ascertain to what extent Photographic Prints are susceptible
of oxidation; on account of the atmospheric influences to which they are
necessarily exposed. In experimenting upon this subject the following
results have been obtained.
Powerful oxidizers destroy Positive Prints rapidly; the action usually
commencing at the corners and edges of the paper, or at any isolated
point, such as a metallic speck or particle of extraneous matter, which
can serve as a centre of chemical action. This same fact is often noticed
in the fading of Positives by long keeping, and therefore since other
destructive actions (with the exception of that of Chlorine) do not appear
to follow the same rule, it is an argument in addition to others which can
be adduced, that Photographic Prints are frequently destroyed by oxidation.
Air which has been _Ozonized_ by Phosphorus, and in which blue
litmus-paper becomes reddened, quickly bleaches the Positive image. Oxygen
gas, obtained by voltaic decomposition of acidified water and which should
contain Ozone, did not appear to have an equal amount of effect, the
action being comparatively slight, or altogether wanting.
_Peroxide of Hydrogen_ obtained in solution, and in conjunction with
Acetate of Baryta, by adding Peroxide of Barium to dilute Acetic Acid,[26]
bleaches darkened Positive paper; but the effect is slow, and does not
take place to a very perceptible extent if the liquid be kept alkaline to
test-paper.
[26] Hydrochloric Acid, which is usually recommended in place of Acetic
Acid, cannot be employed in this experiment; it seems to cause a
liberation of free Chlorine, which bleaches the print instantly.
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