A Manual of Photographic Chemistry, Including the Practice of the Collodion Process — John Shaqi
A Manual of Photographic Chemistry, Including the Practice of the Collodion ProcessHardwich, T. Frederick
Science
A Manual of Photographic Chemistry, Including the Practice of the Collodion Process
Hardwich, T. Frederick
Photographic chemistry; Photography
This hypothesis has the merit of simplicity, and is not opposed to known
facts; it may therefore for the present be received. The point however on
which a doubt must rest is--whether the molecular disturbance produced
by light upon Iodide of Silver leads to a reduction of that Salt by the
developer. No image can be produced on the application of Pyrogallic Acid
_unless the particles of Iodide are in contact with Nitrate of Silver;_
and hence it may be the Nitrate and not the Iodide which is reduced--that
is, the impressed molecule of Iodide may determine the decomposition of a
contiguous particle of Nitrate, itself remaining unchanged. This view is
supported to some extent by Moser's experiments, shortly to be quoted; and
also by the fact that the delicate image first formed can be _intensified_
by treating it with a mixture of the developing solution and Nitrate of
Silver, even after the Iodide has been removed by a fixing agent. The
following experiment will serve to illustrate this.--
Take a sensitive Collodion plate, and having impressed an invisible
image upon it by a proper exposure in the Camera, remove it to the dark
room, and pour over it the solution of Pyrogallic Acid. When the picture
has fully appeared, stop the action by washing the plate with water,
and remove the unaltered Iodide of Silver by Cyanide of Potassium. An
examination of the image at this stage will show that it is perfect in
the details, but pale and translucent. The plate is then to be taken back
again to the dark room and treated with fresh Pyrogallic Acid, _to which
Nitrate of Silver has_ been added; immediately the picture becomes much
blacker, and continues to darken, even to complete opacity, if the supply
of Nitrate be kept up.
Now in this experiment it is evident that the additional deposit upon the
image is produced from the Nitrate of Silver, the whole of the Iodide
having been previously removed. Observe also, _that it forms only upon
the image, and not upon the transparent parts of the plate_. Even if the
Iodide, untouched by light, be allowed to remain, the same rule holds
good;--the Pyrogallic Acid and Nitrate of Silver react upon each other and
produce a metallic deposit; this deposit however has no affinity for the
unaltered Iodide upon the part of the plate corresponding to the shadows
of the picture, but attaches itself in preference to the Iodide already
blackened by light.
This second stage of the development, by which a feeble image may be
strengthened and rendered more opaque, is sometimes termed "development
by precipitation," and should be correctly understood by the practical
operator.
_Researches of M. Moser._--The papers of M. Ludwig Moser 'On the
Formation and Development of Invisible Images,' published in 1842,
explain so clearly many remarkable phenomena of occasional occurrence in
the Collodion and paper processes, that no apology need be offered for
referring to them somewhat at length.
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