North America during the Tertiary--Europe--Climate--Fauna of Eocene--Of Miocene--Of Pliocene--Traces of Man--Opinions of Lyell, Lubbock, and A. R. Wallace--Man in the Pliocene-- Hearth under Osars--Human bones from Savonia--Discoveries at St. Prest--Skull from Altaville--Prof. Denton's Statement-- Man in the Miocene--Flints from Pontlevoy--Flint-flake from Aurillac--Marks on bones near Pouance--Implements from Colorado and Wyoming--Eocene--Glacial Periods during the Miocene. 58 CHAPTER V. CONDITION OF MAN IN THE EARLIEST TIMES. No knowledge of the first appearance of Man--Fauna of India during the Miocene--Intellect of Man--Contests with the Beasts--A weapon invented--Earliest type--Advancement slow-- Climate changes--Sufferings of Man--Known by the Remains-- Structure of the Neanderthal Man--Engis Man--Men both large and small--Animal structure of jaws from La Naulette and Moulin-Quignon. 63 CHAPTER VI. INTER-GLACIAL EPOCH. Condition of the earth--Numerous traces of Man--Cave of Aurignac--Conclusions of Lartet and Cartailhac--Caverns of Maccagnone--Wokey Hole--Fossil Man of Denise--Reindeer Station on the Schusse--Dr. Buchner's Conclusions. 68 CHAPTER VII. CONDITION OF MAN IN THE INTER-GLACIAL. Length of the Inter-Glacial--Man an improvable being-- Implements improved--Art of engraving begun--Religious nature--Denton's description of primeval man--Language improved. 76 CHAPTER VIII. REINDEER EPOCH. Advance of the Glaciers--Fauna---Reindeer epoch a distinct one--Evidences of the existence of Man--Caves of Central and Southern France--Implements from Les Eyzies--Relics from La Madeleine--Workshops of Laugerie-Haute and Laugerie-Basse-- Cave and rock shelters of Bruniquel--Cave of Gourdan--Fossil Man of Mentone--Other remains near Mentone--Other bone caves of France--Belgian Caverns--Trou de Frontal--Trou Rosette-- Trou des Nutons--Cave of Chaleux--Cave at Furfooz--Cave of Thayngen--Cave near Cracow. 79 CHAPTER IX. MAN OF THE REINDEER EPOCH. Man under a more favorable aspect--Type of--Dwellings-- Clothing--Food--Cannibalism--The Arts--Traffic--Burial-- Dupont's Report. 89 CHAPTER X. NEOLITHIC EPOCH. How characterized--Caves of this period--Contents of--Cave of Saint Jean d'Alcas--Danish Shell-Mounds--Danish Peat Bogs--Lake-Dwellings of Switzerland--Enumeration of-- Robenhausen--Fauna and Flora of--Troyon and Keller on-- Other Lake-Dwellings--Chronology. 94 CHAPTER XI. MAN OF THE NEOLITHIC.