Character of Bonaparte -- Early Days of Bonaparte -- Early Services to the Republic -- The Italian Campaign -- Battle of Cape St. Vincent -- Conquest of Venice by Bonaparte -- Invasion of Egypt -- Siege of Acre -- Reverses of the French -- Bonaparte First Consul -- Immense Military Preparations -- The Reforms of Bonaparte -- The Code Napoleon -- Bonaparte becomes Emperor of the French -- Meditated Invasion of England -- Battle of Austerlitz -- Battle of Jena -- Bonaparte aggrandizes France -- Aggrandizement of Bonaparte's Family -- The Peninsular War -- Invasion of Russia -- Battle of Smolensko -- Retreat of the French -- Battles of Lutzen and Bautzen -- Battle of Leipsic -- The Allied Powers invade France -- Peace of Paris -- Bonaparte escapes from Elba -- Battle of Waterloo -- Reflections on Napoleon's Fall. CHAPTER XXXII. EUROPE ON THE FALL OF NAPOLEON. (pp. 527-532.) Remarkable Men of Genius -- Condition of Germany -- Condition of other Powers -- The United States of America. APPENDIX. Chronological Table, from the Fall of Napoleon, 533 Prime Ministers of England, from the Accession of Henry VIII., 538 Table of the Monarchy of Europe, during the Sixteenth, Seventeenth, and Eighteenth Centuries, 541 Genealogical Table of the Royal Family of England, 543 Genealogical Table of the Bourbons, 544 MODERN HISTORY. CHAPTER I. STATE OF EUROPEAN SOCIETY IN THE FIFTEENTH AND SIXTEENTH CENTURIES. The period at which this History commences,--the beginning of the sixteenth century,--when compared with the ages which had preceded it, since the fall of the Roman empire, was one of unprecedented brilliancy and activity. It was a period very fruitful in great men and great events, and, though stormy and turbulent, was favorable to experiments and reforms. The nations of Europe seem to have been suddenly aroused from a state of torpor and rest, and to have put forth new energies in every department of life. The material and the political, the moral and the social condition of society was subject to powerful agitations, and passed through important changes.