A PHILOSOPHICAL DICTIONARY VOLUME IV By VOLTAIRE EDITION DE LA PACIFICATION THE WORKS OF VOLTAIRE A CONTEMPORARY VERSION With Notes by Tobias Smollett, Revised and Modernized New Translations by William F. Fleming, and an Introduction by Oliver H.G. Leigh A CRITIQUE AND BIOGRAPHY BY THE RT. HON. JOHN MORLEY FORTY-THREE VOLUMES One hundred and sixty-eight designs, comprising reproductions of rare old engravings, steel plates, photogravures, and curious fac-similes VOLUME VIII E.R. DuMONT PARIS--LONDON--NEW YORK--CHICAGO 1901 _The WORKS of VOLTAIRE_ _"Between two servants of Humanity, who appeared eighteen hundred years apart, there is a mysterious relation. * * * * Let us say it with a sentiment of profound respect: JESUS WEPT: VOLTAIRE SMILED. Of that divine tear and of that human smile is composed the sweetness of the present civilization."_ _VICTOR HUGO._ LIST OF PLATES--VOL. IV VOLTAIRE'S ARREST AT FRANKFORT _Frontispiece_ OLIVER CROMWELL TIME MAKES TRUTH TRIUMPHANT FRANCIS I. AND HIS SISTER [Illustration: Voltaire's arrest at Frankfort.] * * * * * VOLTAIRE A PHILOSOPHICAL DICTIONARY IN TEN VOLUMES VOL. IV. COUNTRY--FALSITY * * * * * COUNTRY. SECTION I According to our custom, we confine ourselves on this subject to the statement of a few queries which we cannot resolve. Has a Jew a country? If he is born at Coimbra, it is in the midst of a crowd of ignorant and absurd persons, who will dispute with him, and to whom he makes foolish answers, if he dare reply at all. He is surrounded by inquisitors, who would burn him if they knew that he declined to eat bacon, and all his wealth would belong to them. Is Coimbra _his_ country? Can he exclaim, like the Horatii in Corneille: _Mourir pour la patrie est un si digne sort_ _Qu'on briguerait en foule, une si belle mort._ So high his meed who for his country dies, Men should contend to gain the glorious prize. He might as well exclaim, "fiddlestick!" Again! is Jerusalem his country? He has probably heard of his ancestors of old; that they had formerly inhabited a sterile and stony country, which is bordered by a horrible desert, of which little country the Turks are at present masters, but derive little or nothing from it. Jerusalem is, therefore, not his country. In short, he has no country: there is not a square foot of land on the globe which belongs to him.