Account of William Penn.—His reverses and constancy.—His various imprisonments.—His wish to provide for the Quakers an asylum in the New World.—He purchases land of Charles II., and founds Pennsylvania.—The constitution of the new colony.—The “holy experiment.”—The “free society of traders” formed.—Surrender of territory by the Duke of York.—The first assembly convened at Chester.—Penn’s celebrated treaty with the Indians.—The “gospel tree.”—Peace between Quakers and Indians.—Philadelphia founded.—Penn’s visit to Lord Baltimore.—His return to England and subsequent misfortunes.—His opinions on slavery 276–290 CHAPTER XXII. NEW FRANCE.—DISCOVERIES IN THE GREAT LAKE REGION. The French, settlers in Canada.—Their dealings with the Indians.—The Jesuit missionaries and their labours.—Brebeuf and Daniel live among the Indians.—The villages of St. Louis and St. Ignatius founded.—Enthusiasm awakened in France.—Missionary labours among the Indians.—Charles Raymbault and Claude Pijart.—Jogues, his sufferings and heroism.—His fate.—Indian warfare and cruelty.—Chaumonot’s labours.—Missionary enthusiasm.—Mesnard.—Allouez 291–305 CHAPTER XXIII. DISCOVERY OF THE MISSISSIPPI. Franciscan friars as missionaries.—Marquette’s design of navigating the “Great River.”—Discouraging reports among the Indians.—The expedition sets forth.—Bancroft’s account of the journey.—Indian villages.—The river Illinois.—Joliet and Robert Cavalier la Salle.—Colony planted on Lake Michigan.—Hennepin’s travels.—Tonti and his misfortunes.—French colonising expedition.—Erection of Fort St. Louis.—La Salle murdered.—Hostilities of the Iroquois.—Small extent of the French settlements 306–318 CHAPTER XXIV. THE COLONIES AFTER THE REVOLUTION OF 1688. Quarrels in Carolina between dissenters and churchmen.—John Archdale, chosen proprietary, favours the dissenters.—His successor, Blake, sides with the churchmen.—Unsettled condition of North Carolina.—Disturbances in the colony.—Governorship of Nicholson and Andros.—Independent spirit of the Virginians.—Maryland.—Its condition and productions.—Pennsylvania.—The charter of privileges.—Constitution of New Jersey.—New York.—Unpopularity of James II.—Governor Dongan.—Leisler’s insurrection.—His execution.—Benjamin Fletcher governor.—Captain Kidd the pirate.—Lord Cornbury.—His duplicity and profligacy.—The conquest of Canada urged.—Robert Hunter governor of New York.—Yale college founded 319–343 CHAPTER XXV. THE FIRST INTERCOLONIAL WAR.—THE SALEM WITCHCRAFT.