Election of Madison.—Hostile attitude of England towards America.—Engagement between the “President” and the “Little Belt.”—The Indian chief Tecumseh.—Harrison’s victory over the Indians.—Preparations for war.—War with Britain proclaimed.—Proposed invasion of Canada.—Detroit surrendered.—General Hall arraigned and convicted of cowardice.—Battle of Queenstown.—Expedition against the Kickapoo Indians.—The “Guerrière” frigate taken by the “Constitution.”—Encounter between the “Wasp” and the “Frolic.”—The “Constitution” takes the “Java.”—Lord Castlereagh rejects the American proposals for peace.—Madison re-elected President.—Efforts of the Americans to establish a navy.—Combats on the lakes.—The “Chesapeake” taken by the “Shannon,” and the “Argus” by the “Pelican.”—Encounters on Lake Erie.—The Indian confederacy broken up.—Tecumseh slain 295–309 CHAPTER XX. EVENTS OF 1814, AND CONCLUSION OF THE WAR. General Brown advances into Canada.—Battle at Niagara Falls.—Defeat of the British at Plattsburgh.—Destruction of the city of Washington.—Enterprise of the British at Alexandria.—British expedition against New Orleans.—New-year’s day, 1815.—The British attack repulsed.—Arrival and ratification of a treaty of peace.—Expedition against the Algerines.—Second national bank established.—James Monroe elected President.—African colonisation society.—Great western canal.—Depredations of the Seminole and Creek Indians.—Debates on the slavery question.—Operations against the West Indian pirates.—Death of Adams and of Jefferson 310–323 CHAPTER XXI. THE EVENTS OF TWENTY YEARS. Temperance societies formed.—Statistics of drunkenness.—Anti-Masonic societies founded.—Abduction of William Morgan, and consequent excitement.—General Jackson re-elected.—Renewed Indian hostilities.—The celebrated chief, “Black Hawk.”—His exploits; his capture.—The last days of “Black Hawk.”—Description of “Black Hawk.”—Growth of civilisation in the West.—The tariff bill passed.—Excitement caused by this measure.—Compromise bill introduced by Henry Clay.—Indian rebellion.—Injustice practised towards the tribes.—Osceola’s plan of revenge.—Massacre of Major Dade and his men.—Devastations.—Submission of the Indians.—Van Buren elected President.—End of the Seminole war.—Osceola’s imprisonment.—Harrison President.—State repudiation of debt.—Anti-rent disturbances.—Iowa and Florida received into the Union 324–340 CHAPTER XXII. MEXICAN WAR.—ANNEXATION OF TEXAS.—VAST INCREASE OF TERRITORY.—THE MORMONS.