First settlement of the whites in Texas.—Spanish population of Texas.—Restrictions on trade.—Texas in the early part of the present century.—Population in 1833.—Santa Anna and his operations.—Fortress of the Alamo taken.—Goliad taken.—Santa Anna captured.—Duplicity of Santa Anna.—Texas admitted into the Union.—The war with Mexico.—The treaty of 1846.—New Mexico.—Utah and California.—Puebla and the metropolis Mexico taken.—Orderly conduct of the victors.—Mexican ideas concerning the Americans.—Moral state of Mexico.—Treaty of peace.—Wisconsin admitted into the Union.—Mormonism.—The Great Salt Lake.—Joseph Smith the Mormon prophet.—His pretensions.—The Mormons establish themselves.—Murder of Smith and his brother.—Statistics of Mormonism.—Mormon government and morality.—Mormon journeys 341–359 CHAPTER XXIII. CALIFORNIA.—STATISTICAL REVIEW OF THE UNITED STATES. Upper California discovered by Sir F. Drake.—Sebastian Viscaino.—Early Spanish settlement in California.—Humboldt’s statements concerning California.—Mrs. Willard’s account.—The United States’ exploring expedition under Fremont.—The gold discoveries and consequent emigration.—Sacramento city.—Californian Indians.—The cholera.—Distress and famine among the Californian emigrants.—State organisation of California.—Convention at Monterey.—Signing of the convention.—California sends members to Congress.—California admitted into the Union.—Considerations on the United States.—Education.—Manufactures.—Railroads.—The electric telegraph.—Cotton and woollen manufactures.—Printing operations.—Journals.—Typefounding.—Boot and shoe manufactures.—Iron foundries.—Art-education.—Commercial advantages of the American States 360–387 ILLUSTRATIONS TO VOL. II PAGE WASHINGTON RESIGNING HIS COMMISSION AS COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF _frontispiece_ DEATH OF GENERAL WOLFE _to face_ 30 STAMP ACT RIOTS „ 39 THROWING THE TAXED TEA INTO BOSTON HARBOUR „ 52 GENERAL BURGOYNE AND THE INDIANS „ 95 WASHINGTON’S RECEPTION AT NEW YORK „ 219 WASHINGTON TAKING LEAVE OF THE ARMY „ 220 TOMB OF WASHINGTON „ 283 A POPULAR HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. CHAPTER I. COMMENCEMENT OF THE GREAT WARS.