_Abscesses_, single or multiple, may occur, and open into the bladder, into the prostatic sinus of the urethra, into the rectum, or, externally through the perineum. Ulceration rarely occurs. Morbid Growths. _Cancer_ of the prostate is rare; encephaloid is almost the only form that occurs. The gland is enlarged and the growth may perforate the mucous membrane of the bladder, and vegetate in its cavity. _Tubercles_ occasionally occur. Their softening and disintegration give rise to abscesses, which pursue the same course as inflammatory abscesses. _Fibrous tumors_, varying in size from that of a pea to a nut, are of frequent occurrence; sometimes but loosely attached to the hypertrophied gland. _Cysts_ are of extremely rare occurrence, commonly resulting from closure and dilatation of the gland-follicles. _Concretions._ “In greater or less numbers, they are of almost constant occurrence in the prostatic cavities; they may often be seen on making a section of the gland, as reddish-yellow grains. Their form varies very much; in the smaller it approaches the oval or circular; in the larger it is more polygonal or triangular. They are not unfrequently pale or colorless. The contents of these semiorganized formations appear to be earthy matter (phosphate, with a little carbonate of lime), tinged by the ordinary yellow pigment which is so often derived from the blood. It is most probable that, in ordinary healthy states, these concretions undergo solution at an early period of their existence, yielding up their contents to form part of the secretion of the gland. But, if this does not occur, and they go on increasing in size, they become the nuclei, or are developed into _prostatic calculi_. These are not unfrequently very numerous; as many as fifty or sixty have been found in an atrophied, dilated prostate. The calculi sometimes cohere, and form a large mass, projecting into the membranous portion of the urethra, which becomes in consequence much dilated. The smaller calculi often escape into the bladder through the dilated prostatic ducts; if they remain there, they excite irritation of the mucous membrane and deposition of phosphates upon their own surface.” CHAPTER IV. THE FEMALE GENERATIVE ORGANS. Section I. THE PUDENDA AND VAGINA. [=Notice=: 1. Of the _pudenda_—malformations; condition of the labia and clitoris; size; color; abrasions; ulcers; eruptions; tumors; marks of violence, etc. _Orifice of urethra_—growths around, their number and size. _Hymen_—present or absent; entire or lacerated; imperforate.] 1. The Pudenda. =Congenital Anomalies.= In rare cases the external organs are entirely absent, more frequently but partially developed. The nymphæ may be found abnormally enlarged. The clitoris may be abnormally long, perforated, or cleft.